Co-offending and the age-crime curve
Co-offending and the age-crime curve
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DOI：
10.1177/0022427807309441
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
D'Alessio, Stewart J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stolzenberg, Lisa;D'Alessio, Stewart J.
人们经常提出，共同犯罪是青少年犯罪的主要形式，因为青少年时期同伴压力的突出性增强，这种增强的共同犯罪倾向对于理解年龄-犯罪曲线至关重要。作者利用2002年国家基于事件的报告系统（NIBRS）的数据，对来自七个州的466,311起刑事逮捕进行了分析。他们的研究结果表明，按年龄划分的共同犯罪模式在解释为什么参与非法活动在青春期上升，在成年早期达到顶峰，然后下降方面并不值得注意。一旦将共同犯罪与单独犯罪区分开来，而单独犯罪在所有年龄组包括青少年中占犯罪活动的大部分，那么年龄与单独犯罪之间以及年龄与共同犯罪之间就仍然存在曲线关系。这些非线性的联系不受犯罪者的性别、种族或犯罪类型的影响。作者还分析了向警方报告的共同犯罪。在许多类型的犯罪中，罪犯和受害者会接触，因此可以估计罪犯的年龄，而不管是否逮捕了罪犯。本补充分析得出的结果与使用逮捕数据得出的结果相似。这项研究的结果具有重要的理论意义，不仅因为他们怀疑的断言，即青少年和成年人之间的共同犯罪水平的差异占年龄犯罪曲线，但他们也违反了广泛认为，大多数青少年犯罪是在公司犯下的其他人，而不是由个人单独行事。根据这里报告的新数据，群体犯罪似乎只是偶然的情况，因此没有什么病因学意义。
It is proffered rather frequently that co-offending is the dominate form of criminal offending among juveniles because of the enhanced salience of peer pressure during adolescence, and that this enhanced propensity to co-offend is pivotal for understanding the age-crime curve. Using National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data for 2002, the authors conduct an analysis of 466,311 criminal arrests drawn from seven states. Their findings indicate that co-offending patterns by age are not noteworthy in elucidating why participation in illegal activities rises in adolescence, peaks in early adulthood, and then declines thereafter. Once co-offending is differentiated from solo offending, with solo offending representing the bulk of criminal activity among all age groups, including juveniles, a curvilinear relationship remains between age and solo-offending and between age and co-offending. These nonlinear associations are not conditioned by an offender's sex, race, or by offense type. The authors also analyzed co-offending crimes reported to police. In many types of crimes, offenders and victims come into contact, thus allowing for the estimation of the perpetrator's age notwithstanding whether an arrest was made. The findings generated in this supplemental analysis are similar to those produced using the arrest data. The results of this study have consequential theoretical implications not only because they cast doubt on the assertion that differences in co-offending levels between juveniles and adults account for the age-crime curve, but they also contravene the widely held belief that most juvenile offenses are perpetrated in the company of others rather than by individuals acting alone. Based on the new data reported here it appears that group offending is merely incidental in circumstance and thus of little etiological significance.