Apparent digestibility coefficients and amino acid availability of common protein ingredients in the diets of bullfrog, Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana
Apparent digestibility coefficients and amino acid availability of common protein ingredients in the diets of bullfrog, Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.015
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Zhang Chunxiao;Kang-kang Huang;Ling Wang;K. Song;Lu Zhang;Peng Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang Chunxiao;Kang-kang Huang;Ling Wang;K. Song;Lu Zhang;Peng Li
牛蛙的养殖在过去的几十年里一直在显着扩大，以支持中国东南部新兴的美食。然而，缺乏对常见蛋白质成分中营养可用性的了解限制了牛蛙饲料的精确配方，部分原因是难以从牛蛙中收集粪便材料。因此，我们精心设计了一种装置，可以收集牛蛙的粪便，同时最大限度地减少水中的沥滤，减少对动物的压力。利用该装置测定了牛蛙对实际饲料原料中干物质、粗蛋白质、总能量、磷和氨基酸的表观消化率（ADC）。试验成分包括白色鱼粉（WFM）、棕色鱼粉（BFM）、猪肉骨粉（PMBM）、家禽副产品粉（PBM）、羽毛粉（FEM）、大豆粉（SBM）、花生粉（PNM）、棉籽粉（CSM）和油菜籽粉（RSM）。使用参考饮食和包括70%参考饮食和30%测试饲料成分的测试饮食，其中包括0.5%氧化铬作为消化率指标。将体重为153 ± 3.14 g的牛蛙饲养在装有粪便收集装置的室内水族箱（68 × 38 × 38 cm）中，每个水族箱放置15只牛蛙。干物质和能量的ADC在WFM和BFM中较高（80%以上），在CSM和RSM中较低（40%以下）。供试饲料原料中粗蛋白的ADC值在60.7%~ 89.8%之间。粗蛋白（89.8%）、粗蛋白（87.6%）、粗蛋白（83.3%）、粗蛋白（82.1%）、粗蛋白（78.0%）、粗蛋白（77.6%）的消化率高于粗蛋白（69.5%）、粗蛋白（67.5%）和粗蛋白（60.7%）。此外，WFM中磷的有效性最高（84.8%），FEM中磷的有效性最低（63.6%）。本研究还表明，其他7种成分中的磷的有效性范围为71.9%至84.0%，表明BFM，PMBM，PBM，SBM，PNM，CSM和RSM中的磷也可以被牛蛙利用。试验成分的氨基酸利用率遵循与粗蛋白的ADC相似的模式，其中鱼粉的值通常高于其他蛋白质成分的值（P< 0.05）。在所有植物性粗粉中，豆粕的氨基酸有效性显著（P< 0.05）高于PNM、CSM和RSM。在所有供试成分中，FEM中大多数氨基酸的利用率最低（P< 0.05）。因此，PBM、PBM、SBM和PNM可作为牛蛙饲料中蛋白质和氨基酸的良好来源，是很有前途的鱼粉替代品。
Farming of bullfrogRana(Lithobates)catesbeianahas been expanding remarkably in the past decades to support an emerging food delicacy in southeastern China. However, lack of understanding of nutrient availability in common protein ingredients restricts precise formulation of bullfrog feeds, partially because of difficulties in collection of fecal material from bullfrog. Therefore, we carefully designed an apparatus that allows feces of bullfrogs to be collected while minimizing leaching in water and reducing stress imposed to the animals. By using this apparatus, a study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, and availability of phosphorus and amino acids in practical feed ingredients for bullfrog. Test ingredients included white fishmeal (WFM), brown fishmeal (BFM), porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), feather meal (FEM), soybean meal (SBM), peanut meal (PNM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and rapeseed meal (RSM). A reference diet and test diets that included 70% reference diet and 30% of the test feed ingredients were used with 0.5% chromic oxide included as a digestibility indicator. Bullfrogs (153 ± 3.14 g) were cultured in indoor aquaria (68 × 38 × 38 cm) equipped with the apparatus for fecal collection, and each aquarium was stocked with 15 specimens. ADCs of dry matter and energy were high (above 80%) in WFM and BFM, and low (below 40%) in CSM and RSM. ADCs of crude protein in those tested feed ingredients varied from 60.7 to 89.8%. WFM (89.8%), BFM (87.6%), SBM (83.3%), PNM (82.1%), PMBM (78.0%), PBM (77.6%) were more digestible protein feedstuffs, compared to RSM (69.5%), CSM (67.5%), and FEM (60.7%). In addition, the highest availability for phosphorus (84.8%) was observed in WFM, and the lowest value was found in FEM (63.6%). This study also demonstrated that phosphorus availability in the other seven ingredients ranged from 71.9 to 84.0%, indicating that phosphorus in BFM, PMBM, PBM, SBM, PNM, CSM and RSM could also be utilized by the bullfrog. Amino acid availability for the test ingredients followed a similar pattern to ADCs of crude protein, in which values for fishmeal were generally higher (P< 0.05) than those of other protein ingredients. Among all plant meals, the amino acid availability values in soybean meal were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than those in PNM, CSM and RSM. The availability of most amino acids in FEM was the lowest (P< 0.05) among all tested ingredients. In conclusion, PMBM, PBM, SBM and PNM may be good sources of available protein and amino acids, and should be promising substitutes for fishmeal in diets for bullfrogs.