SARS-CoV-2: From Structure to Pathology, Host Immune Response and Therapeutic Management.
SARS-CoV-2: From Structure to Pathology, Host Immune Response and Therapeutic Management.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms8101468
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发表时间：
2020-09-24
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mihaescu G;Chifiriuc MC;Iliescu C;Vrancianu CO;Ditu LM;Marutescu LG;Grigore R;Berteșteanu Ș;Constantin M;Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G
冠状病毒是具有单链RNA基因组的大型包膜病毒，可感染人类和多种野生动物和家畜。COVID-19大流行病原体SARS-CoV-2与SARS-CoV-1序列同源性为80%，与蝙蝠分离的冠状病毒序列同源性为96-98%。长时间暴露在室内高浓度的气溶胶中有利于感染的传播。目前的研究表明，SARS-CoV-2比其他冠状病毒和病毒性呼吸道病原体要稳定得多。严重的感染形式与几个危险因素有关，包括高龄、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖、慢性炎症或自身免疫性疾病以及其他先前存在的传染病，所有这些都有一个共同的先前存在的促炎条件。因此，了解SARS-CoV-2感染中炎症过程与特异性免疫反应之间的关系至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了SARS-CoV-2病毒的一般特征（起源、对化学和物理因素的敏感性、增殖周期、遗传变异）、COVID-19病理的分子机制、宿主免疫反应，并讨论了与不同疾病相关的炎症状况如何增加COVID-19的风险。最后但并非最不重要的是，我们简要回顾了SARS-CoV-2的诊断、药理学和未来疫苗开发的方法。
Coronaviruses are large, enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome, infecting both humans and a wide range of wild and domestic animals. SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has 80% sequence homology with SARS-CoV-1 and 96–98% homology with coronaviruses isolated from bats. The spread of infection is favored by prolonged exposure to high densities of aerosols indoors. Current studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is much more stable than other coronaviruses and viral respiratory pathogens. The severe forms of infection are associated with several risk factors, including advanced age, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease, and other preexisting infectious diseases, all having in common the pre-existence of a pro-inflammatory condition. Consequently, it is essential to understand the relationship between the inflammatory process and the specific immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we present a general characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (origin, sensitivity to chemical and physical factors, multiplication cycle, genetic variability), the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 pathology, the host immune response and discuss how the inflammatory conditions associated with different diseases could increase the risk of COVID-19. Last, but not least, we briefly review the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, pharmacology, and future approaches toward vaccine development.
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