Efficient marine environmental characterisation to support monitoring of geological CO2 storage
Efficient marine environmental characterisation to support monitoring of geological CO2 storage
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103388
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发表时间：
2021-07-09
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Dankel, J. Dorothy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackford, Jerry;Romanak, Katherine;Dankel, J. Dorothy
碳捕获和储存是减少温室气体排放的关键，近海地质构造提供了巨大的二氧化碳储存潜力。对海底CO2储存地点的监测要求发现表明失去密封的异常情况，如果是储存造成的，则对其进行量化并评估其影响。然而，只有在能够可靠地区分异常信号与自然变化的情况下，在海床或海床以上进行监测才是有用的。基线采集是描述自然状态的默认选项，但我们认为，全面的基线评估可能是昂贵的和有时限的，考虑到CCS业务的数十年性质和海洋环境的动态异质性。我们提出了一个大纲的要素，包括一个有效的海洋环境基线，以支持近海监测。我们证明，这些要素中的许多可以从预先存在的和正在进行的来源，不一定与CCS项目的开发。我们认为，一个足够的基线可以通过识别系统的关键紧急属性，而不是组装的物理，化学和生物状态的广泛描述。此外，受影响和未受影响地点之间的当代比较可能与比较之前和之后一样有价值。然而，由于这些新出现的特性可能在不同地点和季节之间存在细微差别，并且需要通过仔细选择参考地点来验证比较研究，因此对异质性尺度的特定地点理解将是基线的宝贵组成部分。
Carbon capture and storage is key for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and offshore geological formations provide vast CO2 storage potential. Monitoring of sub-seabed CO2 storage sites requires that anomalies signifying a loss of containment be detected, and if attributed to storage, quantified and their impact assessed. However, monitoring at or above the seabed is only useful if one can reliably differentiate abnormal signals from natural variability. Baseline acquisition is the default option for describing the natural state, however we argue that a comprehensive baseline assessment is likely expensive and time-bound, given the multi-decadal nature of CCS operations and the dynamic heterogeneity of the marine environment. We present an outline of the elements comprising an efficient marine environmental baseline to support offshore monitoring. We demonstrate that many of these elements can be derived from pre-existing and ongoing sources, not necessarily related to CCS project development. We argue that a sufficient baseline can be achieved by identifying key emergent properties of the system rather than assembling an extensive description of the physical, chemical and biological states. Further, that contemporary comparisons between impacted and non-impacted sites are likely to be as valuable as before and after comparisons. However, as these emergent properties may be nuanced between sites and seasons and comparative studies need to be validated by the careful choice of reference site, a site-specific understanding of the scales of heterogeneity will be an invaluable component of a baseline.