MOTIVATIONAL CONTROL AFTER EXTENDED INSTRUMENTAL TRAINING
MOTIVATIONAL CONTROL AFTER EXTENDED INSTRUMENTAL TRAINING
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03199935
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BOAKES, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DICKINSON, A;BALLEINE, B;BOAKES, RA
饥饿的老鼠被训练按下一个杠杆的食物颗粒之前，评估的影响，在他们的动机状态的转变对工具性能的灭绝。第一项研究重复了这一发现，即食物剥夺水平的降低对灭绝性能没有可检测的影响，除非动物在非剥夺状态下接受过食物颗粒的经验（Balleine，1992; Balleine和Dickinson，1994）。当在非剥夺状态下进行测试时，只有在训练和测试之间重新暴露于这种状态下的食物颗粒的动物显示出相对于在剥夺状态下测试的动物在消退测试期间的按压水平降低。然而，这种再暴露效应的大小取决于工具训练的量。在更长时间的器械训练后，无论动物在试验时是否被剥夺食物，在非剥夺状态下再次暴露于食物颗粒均不影响消退性能。第二项研究表明，过度训练引起的对再暴露治疗的抵抗是由于动物在训练期间在剥夺状态下增加了对食物颗粒的体验，而不是更广泛地暴露于仪器偶然性。然而，与前两个实验的结果相反，在最后一项研究中，过度训练后检测到可靠的再暴露效应，其中动物在非剥夺状态下更多地再次暴露于食物颗粒。
Hungry rats were trained to press a lever for food pellets prior to an assessment of the effect of a shift in their motivational state on instrumental performance in extinction. The first study replicated the finding that a reduction in the level of food deprivation has no detectable effect on extinction performance unless the animals receive prior experience with the food pellets in the nondeprived state (Balleine, 1992; Balleine and Dickinson, 1994). When tested in the nondeprived state, only animals that were reexposed to the food pellets in this state between training and testing showed a reduction in the level of pressing during the extinction test relative to animals tested in the deprived state. The magnitude of this reexposure effect depended, however, on the amount of instrumental training. Following more extended instrumental training, extinction performance was unaffected by reexposure to the food pellets in the nondeprived state whether or not the animals were food-deprived at the time of testing. A second study demonstrated that the resistance to the reexposure treatment engendered by overtraining was due to the animals' increased experience of the food pellets in the deprived state during training rather than to the more extensive exposure to the instrumental contingency In contrast to the results of the first two experiments, however, a reliable reexposure effect was detected after overtraining in a final study, in which the animals were given greater reexposure to the food pellets in the nondeprived state.