The development of cynicism
The development of cynicism
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01545.x
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Keil, FC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mills, CM;Keil, FC
两项实验通过研究儿童如何评价那些与他们的自身利益一致或不一致的人来探索愤世嫉俗的发展。在实验一中，幼儿园学生、二年级学生和四年级学生听到了结论不明确的故事，其中人物的陈述要么符合或反对自身利益。年长的孩子在决定相信多少时会考虑角色的自身利益：他们会忽视符合自身利益的陈述，而接受违背自身利益的陈述。实验 2 检查了儿童对潜在自利陈述的三种不同解释的认可程度：谎言、偏见和错误。和成年人一样，六年级学生认可谎言和偏见，作为与自身利益相关的错误陈述的合理解释；年幼的孩子不支持偏见。讨论了愤世嫉俗的发展和儿童对偏见的理解的影响。
Two experiments explored the development of cynicism by examining how children evaluate other people who make claims consistent or inconsistent with their self-interests. In Experiment 1, kindergartners, second graders, and fourth graders heard stories with ambiguous conclusions in which characters made statements that were aligned either with or against self-interest. Older children took into account the self-interests of characters in determining how much to believe them: They discounted statements aligned with self-interest, whereas they accepted statements going against self-interest. Experiment 2 examined children's endorsement of three different explanations for potentially self-interested statements: lies, biases, and mistakes. Like adults, sixth graders endorsed lies and bias as plausible explanations for wrong statements aligned with self-interest; younger children did not endorse bias. Implications for the development of cynicism and children's understanding of bias are discussed.