Fascia Origin of Adipose Cells
Fascia Origin of Adipose Cells
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脂肪细胞的筋膜起源
DOI：
10.1002/stem.2338
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Xu, Guoheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Su, Xueying;Lyu, Ying;Xu, Guoheng
脂肪细胞可能源自脂肪组织内的血管基质细胞、周细胞和内皮细胞，或源自非脂肪组织中的骨髓细胞。在这里，我们发现了存在于筋膜中的脂肪前体细胞，筋膜是一种延伸到全身的不间断的结缔组织。来自大鼠后肢的浅筋膜细胞和碎片具有很强的自发和诱导的脂肪形成分化能力，但不具有肌源性和成骨性分化能力。筋膜前脂肪细胞表达多种脂肪形成祖细胞标志物，类似于皮下脂肪源性基质细胞（ASC），但与内脏 ASC 不同。这种前脂肪细胞存在于筋膜脉管系统中，并且在体内具有生理活性。在生长的大鼠中，脂肪细胞从外膜动态产生，在筋膜中形成薄的脂肪层。后来，一些脂肪细胞似乎覆盖在其他脂肪细胞的顶部，这是筋膜中形成三维脂肪组织的早期迹象。原始脂肪小叶总是沿着血管向远端筋膜区域延伸。在小叶前部，新生毛细血管包裹并在成熟脂肪细胞之前通过，形成远端新血管生态位，这可能补充前脂肪细胞池并提供持续脂肪生成所需的营养和激素。我们的研究结果提出了筋膜脂肪细胞起源的新模型，它解释了脂肪组织的新生和扩张。筋膜前脂肪细胞产生脂肪细胞，在浅筋膜（皮下非脂肪组织）中形成原始脂肪小叶。随着脂肪不断生成，这些在浅筋膜中新形成的原始脂肪小叶可能是皮下脂肪组织的雏形。干细胞 2016；34：1407–1419
Adipocytes might arise from vascular stromal cells, pericytes and endothelia within adipose tissue or from bone marrow cells resident in nonadipose tissue. Here, we identified adipose precursor cells resident in fascia, an uninterrupted sheet of connective tissue that extends throughout the body. The cells and fragments of superficial fascia from the rat hindlimb were highly capable of spontaneous and induced adipogenic differentiation but not myogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Fascial preadipocytes expressed multiple markers of adipogenic progenitors, similar to subcutaneous adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) but discriminative from visceral ASCs. Such preadipocytes resided in fascial vasculature and were physiologically active in vivo. In growing rats, adipocytes dynamically arose from the adventitia to form a thin adipose layer in the fascia. Later, some adipocytes appeared to overlay on top of other adipocytes, an early sign for the formation of three‐dimensional adipose tissue in fascia. The primitive adipose lobules extended invariably along blood vessels toward the distal fascia areas. At the lobule front, nascent capillaries wrapped and passed ahead of mature adipocytes to form the distal neovasculature niche, which might replenish the pool of preadipocytes and supply nutrients and hormones necessary for continuous adipogenesis. Our findings suggest a novel model for the origin of adipocytes from the fascia, which explains both neogenesis and expansion of adipose tissue. Fascial preadipocytes generate adipose cells to form primitive adipose lobules in superficial fascia, a subcutaneous nonadipose tissue. With continuous adipogenesis, these primitive adipose lobules newly formed in superficial fascia may be the rudiment of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Stem Cells 2016;34:1407–1419