The emerging role of probiotics in neurodegenerative diseases: new hope for Parkinson's disease?
The emerging role of probiotics in neurodegenerative diseases: new hope for Parkinson's disease?
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DOI：
10.4103/1673-5374.295270
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Cimini A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castelli V;d'Angelo M;Quintiliani M;Benedetti E;Cifone MG;Cimini A
神经退行性疾病的病因尚不清楚，但涉及不同的影响因素，如生活方式和遗传因素。改变的肠道成分可能在肠-脑轴中发挥关键作用，肠-脑轴是中枢神经系统和肠神经系统之间的双向系统。已经报道了健康人和患者之间的肠道微生物群组成及其功能的变化，用于各种人类疾病，包括代谢、自身免疫、癌症，特别是神经退行性疾病。饮食可以改变微生物群的组成，影响肠-脑轴功能。不同的营养干预措施致力于使肠道微生物组生态失调正常化，并改善神经系统疾病的生物学结果，包括使用益生菌。本综述中讨论的临床前和临床研究加强了肠道微生物群与大脑之间的相关性，以及改变微生物群组成可以改善大脑神经化学，调节不同途径的概念。本综述将讨论益生菌用于帕金森病预防或治疗或作为辅助治疗的潜在用途，证实肠道微生物群调节影响不同的促生存途径。帕金森氏病的未来研究应考虑肠-脑轴的作用，对潜在机制的进一步理解是非常必要的。
Neurodegenerative disease etiology is still unclear, but different contributing factors, such as lifestyle and genetic factors are involved. Altered components of the gut could play a key role in the gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Variations in the composition of the gut microbiota and its function between healthy people and patients have been reported for a variety of human disorders comprising metabolic, autoimmune, cancer, and, notably, neurodegenerative disorders. Diet can alter the microbiota composition, affecting the gut-brain axis function. Different nutraceutical interventions have been devoted to normalizing gut microbiome dysbiosis and to improving biological outcomes in neurological conditions, including the use of probiotics. Preclinical and clinical investigations discussed in this review strengthen the correlation between intestinal microbiota and brain and the concept that modifying the microbiome composition may improve brain neurochemistry, modulating different pathways. This review will discuss the potential use of probiotics for Parkinson’s disease prevention or treatment or as adjuvant therapy, confirming that gut microbiota modulation influences different pro-survival pathways. Future investigations in Parkinson’s disease should consider the role of the gut-brain axis and additional comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is extremely necessary.