Evaluating Dependence Criteria for Caffeine.
Evaluating Dependence Criteria for Caffeine.
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评估咖啡因的依赖性标准。
DOI：
10.1089/jcr.2011.0029
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cottler,LindaB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Striley,CatherineLW;Griffiths,RolandR;Cottler,LindaB
背景：虽然咖啡因是世界上使用最广泛的情绪改变药物，但很少有研究将诊断与统计手册IV （DSM-IV）的物质依赖标准应用于咖啡因。方法：作为由国家药物滥用研究所资助的物质使用障碍的病分学研究的一部分，我们评估了在过去7天内报告使用咖啡因并在过去一年内报告使用酒精、尼古丁或非法药物的高中生和大学生、药物治疗患者和疼痛门诊患者的咖啡因使用和依赖症状（n=167）。结果：当采用DSM的所有七个依赖标准时，35%的患者符合依赖标准。支持几种最适用的诊断标准的比率如下：26%的人停止使用，23%的人希望减少或控制使用，44%的人不顾危害继续使用。此外，34%的人表示对咖啡因有渴望，26%的人说他们需要咖啡因来维持身体机能，10%的人表示他们曾与医生或咨询师讨论过咖啡因带来的问题。在那些依赖尼古丁或酒精的人群中，有增加咖啡因依赖的趋势。在过去一年中使用过咖啡因、酒精和尼古丁的亚组中，28%的人符合咖啡因依赖标准，而酒精依赖标准为50%，尼古丁依赖标准为80%。结论：目前的研究增加了越来越多的文献，表明咖啡因依赖诊断的可靠性，有效性和临床实用性。DSM-V中对咖啡因依赖的认识可能在临床上有用。
Background:Although caffeine is the most widely used mood-altering drug in the world, few studies have operationalized and characterized Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) substance dependence criteria applied to caffeine.Methods:As a part of a nosological study of substance use disorders funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, we assessed caffeine use and dependence symptoms among high school and college students, drug treatment patients, and pain clinic patients who reported caffeine use in the last 7 days and also reported use of alcohol, nicotine, or illicit drugs within the past year (n=167).Results:Thirty-five percent met the criteria for dependence when all seven of the adopted DSM dependence criteria were used. Rates of endorsement of several of the most applicable diagnostic criteria were as follows: 26% withdrawal, 23% desire to cut down or control use, and 44% continued use despite harm. In addition, 34% endorsed craving, 26% said they needed caffeine to function, and 10% indicated that they talked to a physician or counselor about problems experienced with caffeine. There was a trend towards increased caffeine dependence among those dependent on nicotine or alcohol. Within a subgroup that had used caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine in the past year, 28% fulfilled criteria for caffeine dependence compared to 50% for alcohol and 80% for nicotine.Conclusion:The present study adds to a growing literature suggesting the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the caffeine dependence diagnosis. Recognition of caffeine dependence in the DSM-V may be clinically useful.