Opposite Effects of Recent History on Perception and Decision
Opposite Effects of Recent History on Perception and Decision
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.006
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发表时间：
2017-02-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
de Lange, Floris P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fritsche, Matthias;Mostert, Pim;de Lange, Floris P.
最近的研究声称，对刺激特征的视觉感知，如方向、数量和面孔，系统地偏向于来自刚刚过去的视觉输入[1-3]。然而，这些积极偏差在多大程度上真正反映了感知的变化，而不是后感知过程的变化，目前尚不清楚[4,5]。在当前的研究中，我们试图解开视觉感知中的知觉和决策偏差。我们发现，关于方向的后知觉决定确实系统性地偏向于先前的刺激，而且这种积极的偏见并不强烈地依赖于先前刺激的空间位置（重复先前的工作[1]）。相比之下，观察者的知觉被先前的刺激所排斥，特别是当先前的刺激出现在相同的空间位置时。这种排斥效应类似于方向知觉[6]中众所周知的负倾斜后效。此外，我们发现，当感知和决策之间的间隔时间较长时，积极决策偏差的幅度增加，这表明工作记忆表征向近期历史的转变是决策偏差的来源。我们得出结论，知觉选择的积极后遗症可能在后知觉阶段引入。相反，感知则会偏离最近的视觉输入。我们推测，这些对感知和后感知决策的相反影响可能源于感知和决策过程的不同目标：感知可能会优化以检测环境变化，而决策过程可能会在更长的时间内整合以形成稳定的表征。
Recent studies claim that visual perception of stimulus features, such as orientation, numerosity, and faces, is systematically biased toward visual input from the immediate past [1-3]. However, the extent to which these positive biases truly reflect changes in perception rather than changes in post-perceptual processes is unclear [4, 5]. In the current study we sought to disentangle perceptual and decisional biases in visual perception. We found that post perceptual decisions about orientation were indeed systematically biased toward previous stimuli and this positive bias did not strongly depend on the spatial location of previous stimuli (replicating previous work [1]). In contrast, observers' perception was repelled away from previous stimuli, particularly when previous stimuli were presented at the same spatial location. This repulsive effect resembles the well-known negative tilt-aftereffect in orientation perception [6]. Moreover, we found that the magnitude of the positive decisional bias increased when a longer interval was imposed between perception and decision, suggesting a shift of working memory representations toward the recent history as a source of the decisional bias. We conclude that positive aftereffects on perceptual choice are likely introduced at a post-perceptual stage. Conversely, perception is negatively biased away from recent visual input. We speculate that these opposite effects on perception and post-perceptual decision may derive from the distinct goals of perception and decision-making processes: whereas perception may be optimized for detecting changes in the environment, decision processes may integrate over longer time periods to form stable representations.