Prediction of upper extremity impact forces during falls on the outstretched hand
Prediction of upper extremity impact forces during falls on the outstretched hand
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DOI：
10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00137-7
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Robinovitch, SN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiu, J;Robinovitch, SN
上肢骨折最常见的原因之一是摔倒在伸出的手上。然而，很少有数据存在的生物力学因素，影响损伤的风险，在这一事件。在这项研究中，我们测量的冲击力在低高度（0-5厘米），向前福尔斯下降到伸出的手，并发现这些都是由一个初始的高频峰值和随后的低频振荡。这种行为是很好的模拟两个自由度，集中参数的数学模型。体重增加导致低频分量（F-max 2）的峰值幅度比高频分量（F-max 1）的峰值幅度增加更大。然而，下降高度的增加对F-max 1的影响更大，除了非常低的下降高度外，F-max 1都超过了F-max2。模型预测表明，超过0.6米的坠落高度对腕部骨折具有显著的风险，因为在该高度以上，峰叉超过桡骨远端的平均断裂力。最后，虽然肩部承受的峰值力低于手腕（因为F-max 1不会向近端传递），但它承受的偏转要大得多，因此在跌倒时吸收了大部分冲击能量。(C)1998爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
Among the most common causes of upper extremity fracture is a fall on the outstretched hand. Yet few data exist on the biomechanical factors which affect injury risk during this event. In this study, we measured impact forces during low-height (0-5 cm), forward falls onto the outstretched hand, and found that these are governed by an initial high-frequency peak and a subsequent, lower-frequency oscillation. This behavior was well-simulated by a two-degree-of-freedom, lumped-parameter mathematical model. Increases in body mass caused greater increases in the peak magnitude of the low-frequency component (F-max2) than the high-frequency component (F-max1). However, increases in Fall height more strongly influenced F-max1, which exceeded F-max2 for all but very low fall heights. Model predictions suggest that fall heights greater than 0.6 m carry significant risk for wrist fracture, since above this height, peak fords surpass the average fracture force of the distal radius. Finally, while the shoulder experiences lower peak force than the wrist (since F-max1 is not transmitted proximally), it undergoes considerably greater deflection, and thereby absorbs the majority of impact energy during a fall. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.