A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals
A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals
复制标题
使用地球丰富的金属合成聚（硫）醚的现代方法指南
DOI：
10.1039/d3cc03046f
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Lynd, Nathaniel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrier, Robert C.;Kumbhar, Gouree;Crum-Dacon, Shaylynn;Lynd, Nathaniel A.
聚醚和聚硫醚有着悠久而传奇的历史，可以追溯到聚合物科学作为一个独特领域的开始。因此，这些材料已被广泛应用于商业应用和基础研究。它们的材料性质和应用环境的广度归根结底分别归因于它们不同的单体前体、环氧化物和硫杂环戊烷。这些单体的聚合，无论是在历史上还是同时在学术界和工业界，都是通过使用富含地球的金属作为催化剂和/或引发剂来实现的。尽管如此，与环烯烃、乙烯基和(甲基)丙烯酸酯等其他单体类别相比，这些单体的聚合方法没有得到充分利用。我们认为，明确概述现有聚硫醚合成方法的优点和缺点，以及它们提出的机理和缺点，将有助于促进这些方法的使用，进而促进它们创造的独特的聚合物材料的应用。因此，这篇专题文章简要介绍了聚硫醚的应用，然后讨论了每种聚硫醚合成方法的特征集，并对相关指标(如易用性、分子量控制等)进行了定性评分。为了帮助未来的聚硫醚制造商找到合适的合成方法。最后展望了用富含稀土的金属合成聚硫醚的前景。
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.