The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set
The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set
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DOI：
10.1007/s00382-008-0441-3
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Yeager, S. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Large, W. G.;Yeager, S. G.
从1948年开始，以每小时6次到每月1次的频率计算了全球海气通量、热量通量、淡水通量及其分量。所有的通量计算了从1984年到2006年的23年，但1984年之前的辐射和1979年之前的降水只给出了气候平均年周期。输入数据的依据是NCEP仅对近地面矢量风、温度、比湿度和密度的再分析，以及各种卫星辐射、海面温度、海冰浓度和降水产品。其中一些数据经过调整，以使其平均值与各种更可靠的卫星和现场测量数据相一致，这些数据本身要么持续时间太短，要么覆盖范围太广。主要的调整是风速普遍增加，湿度降低和热带太阳辐射减少。然后，气候学上的全球平均海气热量和淡水通量（1984-2006年）分别变为每秒2 W/m（2）和-0.1 mg/m（2），而未经修改的数据为每秒30 W/m（2）和3.4 mg/m（2）。然而，十年平均值从7.3 W/m（2）（1977-1986）到-0.3 W/m（2）（1997-2006）不等。气候通量的空间分布显示了所有预期的特征。通过比较各大洋子流域的纬向平均风应力分量，发现由于风和应力计算，现有产品之间存在很大差异。热量和淡水通量的区域比较显示，替代品之间的范围令人震惊;通常分别为每秒40 W/m（2）和每秒10 mg/m（2）。隐含的海洋热传输在大西洋和印度洋-太平洋盆地海洋观测估计的不确定性范围内。它们显示了大约2.4 PW的热带加热，其中80%被输送到北方，主要是在大西洋。在两个流域的许多纬度上，淡水输送也有类似的良好一致性，但在南大西洋和北纬35 A度都没有。
The air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat, freshwater and their components have been computed globally from 1948 at frequencies ranging from 6-hourly to monthly. All fluxes are computed over the 23 years from 1984 to 2006, but radiation prior to 1984 and precipitation before 1979 are given only as climatological mean annual cycles. The input data are based on NCEP reanalysis only for the near surface vector wind, temperature, specific humidity and density, and on a variety of satellite based radiation, sea surface temperature, sea-ice concentration and precipitation products. Some of these data are adjusted to agree in the mean with a variety of more reliable satellite and in situ measurements, that themselves are either too short a duration, or too regional in coverage. The major adjustments are a general increase in wind speed, decrease in humidity and reduction in tropical solar radiation. The climatological global mean air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes (1984-2006) then become 2 W/m(2) and -0.1 mg/m(2) per second, respectively, down from 30 W/m(2) and 3.4 mg/m(2) per second for the unaltered data. However, decadal means vary from 7.3 W/m(2) (1977-1986) to -0.3 W/m(2) (1997-2006). The spatial distributions of climatological fluxes display all the expected features. A comparison of zonally averaged wind stress components across ocean sub-basins reveals large differences between available products due both to winds and to the stress calculation. Regional comparisons of the heat and freshwater fluxes reveal an alarming range among alternatives; typically 40 W/m(2) and 10 mg/m(2) per second, respectively. The implied ocean heat transports are within the uncertainty of estimates from ocean observations in both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific basins. They show about 2.4 PW of tropical heating, of which 80% is transported to the north, mostly in the Atlantic. There is similar good agreement in freshwater transport at many latitudes in both basins, but neither in the South Atlantic, nor at 35A degrees N.