Soil properties influence the toxicity and availability of Zn from ZnO nanoparticles to earthworms
Soil properties influence the toxicity and availability of Zn from ZnO nanoparticles to earthworms
复制标题
土壤特性影响 ZnO 纳米粒子对蚯蚓的毒性和有效性
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120907
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Lahive E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lahive E
为了开发支持纳米颗粒（NPs）特定地点风险评估的模型，需要更好地了解土壤特性如何影响NP转化过程，生物利用度和毒性。研究了不同土壤性质对氧化锌纳米粒和离子锌对蚯蚓的生物有效性和毒性的影响。在4种不同的自然土壤（有机质含量：1.8- 16.7%，土壤pH：5.4-8.3，代表桑迪壤土到石灰性土壤）中，将蚯蚓暴露于100 - 4400 mg Zn/kg的ZnO_NPs和离子Zn。分别在28天和56天后评估存活率和繁殖率。土壤孔隙沃茨中的Zn浓度进行了测定，而不稳定的Zn浓度进行了测量，使用原位动态形态技术（扩散梯度薄膜，DGT）。蚯蚓锌组织浓度也进行了测量。土壤性质影响土壤对照之间的繁殖，最高的繁殖输出在土壤pH值为6-7。毒性也受土壤性质的影响，基于土壤中总锌的EC 50为694->2200 mg Zn/kg（ZnO_NP）和277-734 mg Zn/kg（离子Zn）。土壤孔隙水和DGT测量结果表明，在四种土壤中提取的锌的相对量很好的协议。蚯蚓暴露于ZnO_NPs生存较高的Zn浓度在土壤中，并有较高的组织浓度相比，离子Zn暴露，特别是在高有机质含量的石灰性土壤。这些较高的组织浓度在ZnO_NP暴露的土壤中可能会对Zn在陆地系统中的持久性和营养流动性产生影响，需要进一步研究，以阐明是否有任何长期的风险与持续输入的ZnO_NP到土壤中。
To develop models that support site-specific risk assessment for nanoparticles (NPs), a better understanding of how NP transformation processes, bioavailability and toxicity are influenced by soil properties is needed. In this study, the influence of differing soil properties on the bioavailability and toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and ionic Zn to the earthwormEisenia fetidawas investigated. Earthworms were exposed to ZnO_NPs and ionic Zn, between 100 and 4400 mg Zn/kg, in four different natural soils (organic matter content: 1.8–16.7%, soil pH: 5.4–8.3, representing sandy loam to calcareous soils). Survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 and 56 days, respectively. Zn concentrations in soil pore waters were measured while labile concentrations of Zn were measured using an in-situ dynamic speciation technique (diffusive gradient in thin films, DGT). Earthworm Zn tissue concentrations were also measured. Soil properties influenced earthworm reproduction between soil controls, with highest reproductive output in soils with pH values of 6–7. Toxicity was also influenced by soil properties, with EC50s based on total Zn in soil ranging from 694 to >2200 mg Zn/kg for ZnO_NP and 277–734 mg Zn/kg for ionic Zn. Soil pore water and DGT measurements showed good agreement in the relative amount of Zn extracted across the four soils. Earthworms exposed to ZnO_NPs survived higher Zn concentrations in the soils and had higher tissue concentrations compared with ionic Zn exposures, particularly in the high organic content calcareous soil. These higher tissue concentrations in ZnO_NP exposed earthworm could have consequences for the persistence and trophic mobility of Zn in terrestrial systems and need to be further investigated to elucidate if there any longer-term risks associated with sustained input of ZnO_NP to soil.