Differential effects of a local industrial sand lance fishery on seabird breeding performance
Differential effects of a local industrial sand lance fishery on seabird breeding performance
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DOI：
10.1890/07-0797.1
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wanless, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frederiksen, Morten;Jensen, Henrik;Wanless, Sarah
世界各地的渔业管理正在朝着基于生态系统的方法发展，这意味着应该考虑到渔业对非目标物种的影响。然而，这种影响往往没有得到很好的理解，部分原因是它们很难与环境波动的影响区分开来。我们评估了英国北海海岸外一个工业沙枪(Ammodytes Marinus)渔业对依赖沙枪繁殖的海鸟的影响，该渔业以准试验性方式开放和关闭。控制环境变化(海表面温度、幼体沙枪的丰度和成体沙枪的大小)，我们发现，当渔业运作时，在五月岛密集研究的海鸟群体中，一种表层食性海鸟的繁殖生产力显著下降，而四种潜水物种的繁殖生产力没有下降。通过对封闭区内外12个种群的重复控制前后影响设计的分析，我们再次发现，当渔业活跃时，封闭区的繁殖生产力显著降低，而控制区则没有发现任何影响。此外，在禁渔区的捕捞期间，Kittiwake的繁殖生产力与渔业努力呈负相关，而在控制区则不相关。这两个区域的不同发现可能与环境差异有关，也可能与控制区中只有一个研究群体在繁殖季节的典型觅食范围内暴露在高强度的渔业活动中有关。对小猫尾流的强烈影响，但对潜水物种的影响，可能是由于(1)对猎物可获得性降低的固有高敏感性，(2)较低密度下沙枪垂直分布的变化，(3)沙枪对渔船的回避行为，或这些因素的部分或全部组合。这些调查结果表明，当地禁渔区可使敏感的捕食者受益，应将其视为未来基于生态系统的渔业管理的一种工具。
Fisheries management across the world is moving toward an ecosystem-based approach, implying that fishery effects on nontarget species should be taken into account. However, such effects are often not well understood, partly because they can be difficult to distinguish from impacts of environmental fluctuations. We evaluated the effects of an industrial sand lance (Ammodytes marinus) fishery off the North Sea coast of the United Kingdom, which has been opened and closed in a quasi-experimental fashion, on sand-lance-dependent breeding seabirds. Controlling for environmental variation ( sea surface temperature, abundance of larval sand lance, and size of adult sand lance), we found that, when the fishery was operating, breeding productivity in the intensively studied seabird colony on the Isle of May was significantly depressed for one surface-feeding seabird species, the Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), but not for four diving species. Analyzing Kittiwake data from 12 colonies inside and outside the closure zone in a replicated before-after control impact design, we again found that breeding productivity was significantly depressed in the closure zone when the fishery was active, whereas no effect was found in the control zone. Furthermore, Kittiwake breeding productivity was negatively correlated with fishery effort during the fishery period in the closure zone, but not in the control zone. The contrasting findings in the two zones could be related to environmental differences or to the fact that only one study colony in the control zone was exposed to high fishery effort within the typical foraging range of Kittiwakes during the breeding season. The strong impact on Kittiwakes, but not on diving species, could result from ( 1) inherently high sensitivity to reduced prey availability, ( 2) changes in the vertical distribution of sand lance at lower densities, ( 3) sand lance showing avoidance behavior to fishery vessels, or a combination of some or all of these factors. These findings indicate that local fishery closures can benefit sensitive predators and should be considered as a tool for future ecosystem-based fisheries management.