Intent to harm or injure? Gender and the expression of anger
Intent to harm or injure? Gender and the expression of anger
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DOI：
10.1002/ab.20228
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Muncer, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Anne;Muncer, Steven
攻击行为方面的性别差异（而非愤怒方面的差异）表明，女性可能会通过缺乏伤害意图的行为来表达愤怒。愤怒行为（伤害性和非伤害性）根据愤怒时使用的可能性进行评级（N = 888）。验证性因素分析揭示了直接攻击因素和两个进一步的量表：爆炸性行为（例如独自一人时投掷物体）和化解行为（例如与第三方交谈）。男性在直接攻击和爆炸行为方面超过女性，而女性在化解行为方面超过男性。女性对攻击性（如失去自我控制）的表达信念较高，并且与使用化解行为和避免直接攻击密切相关。男性对攻击性（作为控制他人的手段）的工具性信念较高，并且表现出相反的关联模式。我们强调需要进一步研究行为者与愤怒行为相关的意图以及背景对这些意图的影响。
Gender differences in aggressive behaviour but not in anger suggest that women may express anger through behaviours that lack intent to harm or injure. Angry behaviours (injurious and noninjurious) were rated in terms of their likelihood of use when angry (N = 888). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a direct aggression factor and two further scales: explosive acts (e.g. throwing objects when alone) and defusing acts (e.g. talking to a third party). Men exceeded women on direct aggression and explosive acts, whereas women exceeded men on defusing acts. Expressive beliefs about aggression (as a loss of self-control) were higher among women and strongly associated with use of defusing acts and the avoidance of direct aggression. Instrumental beliefs about aggression (as a means of control over others) were higher among men and showed the opposite pattern of associations. We highlight the need for further work on actors' intention in relation to angry behaviours and the impact of context on these intentions.