Contribución al estudio de Endotrypanum schaudinni (Trypanosomidae)
Contribución al estudio de Endotrypanum schaudinni (Trypanosomidae)
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Endotrypanum scaudinni（锥虫科）的研究贡献
DOI：
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发表时间：
1956
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Montero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Montero
对 Endotrypanum scaudinni MESNIL 和 BRIMONT 1908 的现有文献进行了按时间顺序的回顾。我们尝试对这些有趣的锥虫的现有知识进行整理，并提供进一步的事实。给出了它们的脊椎动物宿主Bradypus 和Choloepus 的分类位置和特征，以及对该国捕获的标本的生物学和地理分布的一些观察。在新鲜和染色制剂中都观察到了寄生虫的形态，并且首次在 Choloepus hoffmanni 中报道了锥虫形式。仅在获得血液后立即制备的载玻片中报告了细胞内形式。给出了血液寄生虫初级分离所采用的技术和不同的培养基。人们注意到培养基中抗凝血剂的有害影响。对新鲜和染色制剂进行了培养形式的研究，在我们的菌株中仅报告了利什曼原虫和细单胞菌形式。对 CUNHA 和 MUNIZ 报告的锥虫形式进行了评论 (4)。用受感染的Choloepus血液和培养物接种不同的实验动物，但无法证明其中任何动物都受到感染，这可能是由于它们对无齿动物的巨大特异性，这很容易从它们严格的细胞内寄生中推断出来。此外，还对接种动物的生理状态的重要性进行了评论。将新鲜的培养物接种到成年的 Choloepus 和人类身上，但得到了阴性结果。第1055章 被人欺负了将最近分离的培养物接种到鸡胚的卵黄囊中，结果呈阴性。就其进化周期而言，该寄生虫在外周血流中不存在分裂形式，在组织学检查中也未发现其组织形式。在灰色急虫乳房中发现寄生虫巢穴并没有让我们更清楚地了解其在脊椎动物宿主中的进化，因为树懒被另一种锥虫寄生，并且无法以这些形式证明动质体的存在，所有这些都表明弓形体病的可能性。在室温下保存的血液中，寄生虫离开红细胞并表现出更好的运动器官。这与它的进化周期有关，因为这种现象可能发生在某些中间节肢动物宿主的肠道中。从 Choloepus 中收集了几种体外寄生虫，其中包括 Amblyomma 属的蜱虫。据报道，在缓步动物中，有几种节肢动物与这种脊椎动物有密切的关系，例如 Cryploses choloepi，其中包括 Amblyomma 属的蜱虫。据报道，在缓步动物中，有几种节肢动物与这种脊椎动物有密切关系，例如 Cryptoses choloepi、Trichillum bradyporum 和金龟科的鞘翅目动物。此外，Amblyomma gertschi 被发现并被仔细研究，因为它是唯一的食血性体外寄生虫。人们曾试图寻找树懒身上的半翅目 Belminus costarincensis，但没有成功。尽管寻找这种寄生虫的载体没有结果，但我们确信它的存在并将继续寻找它。我们对 Choloepus 进行了异种诊断，其中包括致病锥蝽和锥蝽，但无法获得寄生虫的进化信息。给出了内锥虫属的主要特征，但不能明确将其归入锥虫科，因为其进化周期尚不清楚。
A chronological review of the existing literature on Endotrypanum schaudinni MESNIL and BRIMONT 1908 is made. An arrangement of the existing knowledge on these interesting trypanosomes is attempted and further facts are contributed. The taxonomic position and characteristics of their vertebrate hosts, Bradypus and Choloepus, is given as well as some observations on the biology and geographical distribution on the specimens captured in this country. The morphology of the parasite has been observed both in fresh as well as in stained preparations, and trypanosome forms have been reported in Choloepus hoffmanni for the first time. Intracellular forms are reported only in those slides which were prepared immediately after obtaining the blood. The technique and the different culture media employed in the primary isolation of the hemoparasite are given. The harmful effects of anti-clotting agents in the culture media is noticed. A study of the culture forms is carried out both on fresh as well as on stained preparations, reporting in our strains only the leshmania and leptomona forms. A comment is made in relation to the trypanosome forms that had been reported by CUNHA and MUNIZ (4). Different laboratory animals were inoculated with blood of infected Choloepus and with culture forms without being able to demonstrate infection in any of them, probably due to their great specificity toward edentates inferred easily from their strict intracellular parasitism. In addition, comments are made on the importance of the physiological state of the animals to be inoculated. An adult Choloepus and a human being were inoculated with fresh culture forms but negative results were obtained. This might be due to a 1055 of virulence of the "in vitro" strain or to a state of premunition of the adult specimen to a protozoosis. Recently isolated culture forms were inoculated into the vitellin sac of the chick embryo with negative results. With respect to its evolutive cycle, the parasite does not present division forms in the peripheral blood stream nor were its tissular forms found in the histological examination. The finding of parasite nests in a breast of Bradypus griseus griseus does not make its evolution in the vertebrate host any clearer to us due to the fact that the sloth was parasitized with another trypanosome and that the presence of a kinetoplast could not be demonstrated in these forms, all of which suggests the possibility of a toxoplasmosis. In exalated blood kept at room temperature the parasites leave the erythrocytes and show a better locomotive apparatus. This we relate to its evolutive cycle since this phenomenon probaly takes place in the intestinal tract of some intermediary arthropod host. Several ectoparasites were collected from Choloepus, among them a tick of the genus Amblyomma. In Bradypus, several arthropods that live in intimate relationship with this vertebrate are reported, such as Cryploses choloepi, among them a tick of the genus Amblyomma. In Bradypus, several arthropods that live in intimate relationship with this vertebrate are reported, such as Cryptoses choloepi, Trichillum bradyporum, and a coleopterus of the family Scarabeidae. In addition, Amblyomma gertschi was found and was carefully studied since it was the only hematophagous ectoparasite. An unsuccesful effort is made at finding a hemipterus, Belminus costarincensis, that had been reported in a sloth. Although the search for the vector of this parasitosis was fruitless, we are convinced of its existence and will continue searching for it. We carried out a xenodiagnosis on Choloepus, with Triatoma infestans and Triatoma dimidiata, without being able to obtain the evolution of the parasite. The main characteristics of the genus Endotrypanum are given but it cannot be definitely placed in the family Trypanosomidae since its evolutive cycle is not known.