Air toxics in Canada measured by the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) program and their relation to ambient air quality guidelines
Air toxics in Canada measured by the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) program and their relation to ambient air quality guidelines
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加拿大国家空气污染监测 (NAPS) 计划测量的空气有毒物质及其与环境空气质量指南的关系
DOI：
10.1080/10962247.2015.1096863
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Ying Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Galarneau;Daniel Wang;E. Dabek;M. Siu;V. Celo;M. Tardif;David Harnish;Ying Jiang
摘要 本研究报告了 2009 年至 2013 年期间加拿大国家空气污染监测 (NAPS) 计划测量的 63 种空气有毒物质的环境浓度。将测得的浓度与加拿大管辖区的环境空气质量指南进行比较，并识别和讨论超出指南的化合物。尽管这项研究没有评估风险或累积影响，但也确定了接近准则的空气有毒物质，以便考虑它们对环境空气有毒物质污染的潜在贡献。在研究期间，有 11 种空气有毒物质超过了至少一项准则，另有 16 种空气毒素接近准则。使用检测限超过指导值的方法测量了四种化合物，其中三种化合物无法与指导值进行比较，因为在任何样品中均未检测到它们。对几种金属（类）浓度的评估是暂时的，因为它们仅在细颗粒物（PM）中进行测量，但与基于粗颗粒物或总 PM 的指南进行了比较。对后一种化合物以及其方法受已知不确定性影响的采样和分析技术的改进将提高对报告浓度及其与适用指南的关系的信心。对发现超过或接近准则的所有化合物的采样策略进行分析将有助于确保其时空覆盖范围足够。对未通过 NAPS 测量但在加拿大司法管辖区制定指南或纳入其他计划（例如美国国家规模空气毒物评估 (NATA)）的空气毒物的检查将有助于确保与加拿大环境空气质量相关的全套污染物得到充分研究。这项研究的结果可用于评估加拿大有毒物质管理的有效性。影响：国家空气污染监测 (NAPS) 计划最近对加拿大 63 种空气有毒物质进行的测量表明，其中 11 种化合物超出了每日或年度环境空气质量指南，另外 16 种化合物在一个数量级内接近此类指南。这项研究的结果可用于评估加拿大有毒物质管理的有效性，并确定值得进一步研究的化合物。
ABSTRACT This study reports ambient concentrations of 63 air toxics that were measured in Canada by the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) program over the period 2009–2013. Measured concentrations are compared with ambient air quality guidelines from Canadian jurisdictions, and compounds that exceeded guidelines are identified and discussed. Although this study does not assess risk or cumulative effects, air toxics that approached guidelines are also identified so that their potential contribution to ambient air toxics pollution can be considered. Eleven air toxics exceeded at least one guideline, and an additional 16 approached guidelines during the study period. Four compounds were measured using methods whose detection limits exceeded a guideline value, three of which could not be compared with guidelines, since they were not detected in any samples. The assessment of several metal(loid) concentrations is tentative, since they were measured only in fine particulate matter (PM) but compared with guidelines based on coarse or total PM. Improvements to sampling and analysis techniques for the latter compounds as well as for those whose methods are subject to known uncertainties would improve confidence in reported concentrations and their relation to applicable guidelines. Analysis of sampling strategies for all compounds found to exceed or approach guidelines would contribute to ensuring that their spatiotemporal coverage is adequate. Examination of the air toxics not measured by NAPS but having guidelines in Canadian jurisdictions or being included in other programs such as the U.S. National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) would contribute to ensuring that the full suite of pollutants relevant to ambient air quality in Canada is subject to adequate study. The results of this study can be applied to evaluating the effectiveness of toxic substances management in Canada. Implications: Recent measurements of 63 air toxics in Canada by the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) program showed that 11 compounds exceeded daily or annual ambient air quality guidelines and that an additional 16 compounds approached such guidelines within an order of magnitude. The results of this study can be applied to evaluating the effectiveness of toxic substances management in Canada and to identifying compounds that merit further investigation.