Effects of age, sex and activity level on counter-movement jump performance in children and adolescents
Effects of age, sex and activity level on counter-movement jump performance in children and adolescents
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DOI：
10.1080/17461391.2012.756069
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Schwameder, Hermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Focke, Anne;Strutzenberger, Gerda;Schwameder, Hermann
本研究的目的是调查儿童和青少年的反运动跳跃表现及其在年龄、性别和活动水平方面的可靠性。我们测试了 1835 名 4 至 17 岁的儿童和青少年。所有参与者在力台上双手叉腰进行了 3 次反向运动跳跃。参与者被分为六个年龄组，并按每个组内的性别进行细分，以分析年龄和性别的影响。随后，比较了活跃参与者和久坐参与者的跳跃表现。计算跳跃高度，并使用三个中的最高跳跃来计算峰值力和峰值力发展率。使用所有跳跃的变异系数来量化所有参数的变异性。随着年龄的增长，跳跃高度显着增加，而力量发展的峰值速率却下降。所有年龄段的峰值力相似。男性参与者的跳跃高度显着较高，而男性参与者的峰值力量和峰值力量发展速率显着较低。随着年龄的增加，跳跃高度和峰值力的变化显着降低，导致 10 岁以上的数据可靠。力量发展的峰值速率表现出很高的可变性，因此应谨慎解释。这对于教练来说可能是有用的信息，因为他们需要知道从哪个年龄开始反向运动跳跃适用于性能诊断以及哪些参数对于解释是合理的。最后，本研究提供了可用作规范参考的数据。
The aim of this study was to investigate counter-movement jump performance and its reliability in children and adolescents with respect to age, sex and activity level. We tested 1835 children and adolescents aged between 4 and 17 years. All participants performed three counter-movement jumps on a force platform with arms akimbo. The participants were divided into six age groups and subdivided by sex within each group, to analyse age and sex effects. Subsequently, jumping performance of active and sedentary participants was compared. Jump height was calculated and the highest jump out of three was used for the calculations of peak force and peak rate of force development. Variability of all parameters was quantified using the coefficient of variation over all jumps. Jump height increased significantly with increasing age while peak rate of force development decreased. Peak force was similar for all age groups. Jump height was significantly higher in male participants and peak force and peak rate of force development was significantly lower in male participants. Variability of jump height and peak force decreased significantly with increasing age leading to reliable data above the age of 10 years. Peak rate of force development showed a high variability and, therefore, should be interpreted with caution. This could be useful information for coaches as they need to know from which age onwards the counter-movement jump is applicable in performance diagnostics and which parameters are sensible for interpretation. Finally, the present study provides data to be used as normative references.