Leaf anatomy of the Melastomataceae, Memecylaceae, and Crypteroniaceae
Leaf anatomy of the Melastomataceae, Memecylaceae, and Crypteroniaceae
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作者：
H. Mentink;P. Baas
本文报道了木樨科、蕨科和隐蕨科植物151属179个标本的叶解剖学研究结果。在叶解剖学上，木贼科似乎是非常异质的。一个不寻常的多样性的头发类型是存在的，从简单的单细胞毛非常复杂的多细胞，非腺毛或腺毛。长多列不分枝的非腺毛和短柄腺毛是最常见的。气孔通常是波罗-、dia-、tetra-和anomicytic;其他类型和中间种类也存在。有时存在皮下组织。叶肉通常是背腹的，很少是等面的。不同类型的石细胞存在于一些属中。晶体通常是花苞，有时是茎突。中脉和叶柄中的维管束几乎总是双并列的，只有在某些属中才被厚壁组织包围。叶柄有一弧，由分布广泛的维管束组成，有时伴有附属维管束。Memecylaceae的叶解剖学上相当均匀，没有多细胞毛，主要是平列气孔，一个简单的脉管化模式，在中脉和叶柄中的导管分子的交替层的木质部。隐子蕨科的叶解剖学特征是无毛，主要为平列型气孔、晶簇和茎突，维管结构复杂。叶解剖学被用来讨论的（亚）科和部落划分的Mexiataceae联盟和修改建议货车Vliet（1981）（亚科Crypteronioideae）和Renner（1989 a，c和1992年在出版和个人通讯）。叶解剖学可以支持Crypteroniaceae和Memecylaceae的科地位。在菊科中，Astronioideae（不含Pternandra）的叶子解剖学上如此独特，以至于它们应该获得亚科的地位。Pternandra的系统发育亲和力，表现为Astronioideae和Memecylaceae之间的中间位置，在这个阶段仍然没有解决。在叶解剖学上，Mackinatoideae是非常多样的，这种异质性并不支持传统的分类为12个部落，也不支持替代部落分类。
The leaf anatomy of the Melastomataceae, Memecylaceae and Crypteroniaceae is surveyed on the basis of 179 samples representing 151 genera. The Melastomataceae appear to be leaf anatomically very heterogeneous. An unusual diversity of hair types is present, varying from simple unicellular hairs to very complex multicellular, non-glandular or glandular trichomes. Elongate multiseriate unbranched non-glandular hairs and short-stalked glandular hairs are most common. Stomata generally are polo-, dia-, tetra-, and anomocytic; other types and intermediate kinds also occur. A hypodermis is sometimes present. The mesophyll is usually dorsiventral, rarely isobilateral. Sclereids of various types are present in some genera. Crystals are usually druses, sometimes styloids. The vascular bundles in midrib and petiole are almost always bicollateral and only in some genera enclosed by sclerenchyma. The petiole contains an arc composed of widely spaced vascular bundles, sometimes accompanied by accessory bundles. The Memecylaceae are leaf anatomically rather homogeneous in the absence of multicellular hairs, mainly paracytic stomata, a simple vascularisation pattern, and xylem with alternating layers of tracheary elements in the midrib and petiole. The Crypteroniaceae are leaf anatomically characterized by the absence of hairs, mainly paracytic stomata, druses and styloids, and a complex vascular pattern. Leaf anatomy is used to discuss the (sub)families and tribal delimitation of the Melastomataceae alliance and modifications suggested by Van Vliet (1981) (subfamily Crypteronioideae) and Renner (1989a, c and 1992 in press and pers. communication). Leaf anatomy can support a family status of the Crypteroniaceae and also of the Memecylaceae. Within the Melastomataceae the Astronioideae (without Pternandra) are leaf anatomically so distinctive that they deserve a subfamily status. The phylogenetic affinities of Pternandra, which phenetically show an intermediate position between Astronioideae and Memecylaceae, remain at this stage unresolved. The Melastomatoideae are leaf anatomically very diverse and this heterogeneity does not lend support to the traditional classification into 12 tribes nor to alternative tribal classifications.