Early emergence and development of pastoralism in Gan-Qing region from the perspective of isotopes
Early emergence and development of pastoralism in Gan-Qing region from the perspective of isotopes
复制标题
同位素视角下甘青地区畜牧业的早期出现与发展
DOI：
10.1007/s12520-021-01331-2
复制
发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Li, Ruo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Minmin;Ren, Lele;Li, Ruo
新石器时代晚期至青铜时代甘青地区人类的生存策略和饲养绵羊、山羊和牛的方式仍不清楚。本研究试图通过分析动物组合，并利用该地区三个定居点的动物遗骸及其同位素数据重建动物的饮食摄入量，来揭示这一历史。我们对387个动物样本进行了同位素分析，发现在5300 - 4900 BP和4100 - 3600 BP期间，猪是自由放养和/或在人类居住地饲养的，狗可能是自由放养的，可能与人类一起狩猎和/或留在人类居住地附近。这些灵活的养猪养狗方式可能使居民充分利用了自然资源，节约了谷子饲料。与此同时，青铜器时代的羊、山羊、牛主要在草原上放牧，以C3植物为主，C3/ c4植物混合食用，这与中原地区的放牧方式有明显的不同。此外，干旱区野生草食性动物δ15N值高于半干旱区，表明动物δ15N值可能随干旱区而变化。本文不仅揭示了这些时期甘庆地区牧民和流动牧民活动的进展和合理原因，而且还为重建甘庆地区人类饮食提供了一个氮基线。
Human subsistence strategies and husbandry practices for sheep, goats, and cattle in the Gan-Qing region between the late Neolithic and Bronze ages remain ambiguous. This study sought to uncover this history by analyzing animal assemblages and reconstructing animal dietary intake using faunal remains derived from three settlement sites in the region and their isotopic data. We isotopically analyzed a total of 387 animal samples and found that from 5300 to 4900 BP and 4100 to 3600 BP pigs were free-range and/or raised at inhabitation sites and dogs may have been free-range and may have hunted with humans and/or remained close to habitation sites. These flexible ways of raising pigs and dogs may have enabled inhabitants to make full use of natural resources and to save millet fodder. Meanwhile, sheep, goats, and cattle were mainly herded in grasslands during the Bronze Age, with their diets dominated by C3and mixed C3/C4plant consumption, which differs notably from the husbandry practice in the Central Plains. In addition, the δ15N values of wild herbivorous animals in arid regions were higher than those in semi-arid regions, suggesting that animal δ15N values may vary with aridity. This paper not only sheds light on the progress of and plausible reasons for pastoralist and mobile pastoralist practice in the Gan-Qing region during these periods but, in doing so, also provides a nitrogen baseline for reconstructing human diets in the Gan-Qing region.