Challenges in assessing the ecological impacts of tree diseases and mitigation measures: the case of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Fraxinus excelsior.
Challenges in assessing the ecological impacts of tree diseases and mitigation measures: the case of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Fraxinus excelsior.
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评估树木病害的生态影响和缓解措施的挑战：以白蜡树和白蜡树为例。
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Woodward
中科院分区：
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作者：
R. Mitchell;A. Broome;Joan K. Beaton;P. Bellamy;C. Ellis;A. Hester;N. Hodgetts;G. Iason;N. Littlewood;Scott Newey;G. Pozsgai;S. Ramsay;D. Riach;J. Stockan;Andy F. S. Taylor;S. Woodward
目前，世界各地的森林都受到一些非本土树木疾病的威胁。一个树种的广泛死亡将对在某种程度上依赖该树种完成其生命周期的物种产生生态影响。减轻这些影响的措施之一是种植替代树种，以取代受威胁的树种。这些替代树种应尽可能与受威胁树种在支持的树种、树木特征和树木生长的环境条件方面相似。本研究评估了数据的可用性和质量，以评估水曲柳对水曲柳的生态影响，以及48种替代树木替代水曲柳的适宜性。英国的Excelsior。为了进行评估，收集了以下数据：1）物种使用（955个水曲柳伴生种是否会使用替代树种），2）性状（树皮pH值，落叶，花的回报，果实类型，高度，叶干物质含量，叶片形状，开花时间的长度，菌根协会，花粉媒介和比叶面积）和3）地点要求（发生在英国北方/南方和高地/低地，详细的气候和土壤养分要求）。对于所有三种评估方法都有较低的信心，在非本地树种，以取代F。由于缺乏数据，根据所使用的方法，不同的替代树种被列为最合适的树种。我们的结论是，没有一个物种是适合所有的网站类型与F。也不会有任何一个树种支持高比例的灰相关的物种，同时也匹配F的许多特征。精益求精我们的工作为48种替代方案的适用性提供了广泛的指导，但需要具体的现场信息来完善每个现场的选择。该研究强调，缺乏充分评估许多树种，特别是非本地树种是否适合的信息，并呼吁整理生物记录，以便能够迅速评估任何特定树种丧失的潜在生态影响及其替代树种的适合性。
Forests worldwide are currently threatened by a number of non-native tree diseases. Widespread death of a tree species will have ecological impacts on species that in some way depend on that tree species to complete their life-cycle. One measure to mitigate these impacts is to establish alternative tree species to replace the threatened tree species. These alternative tree species should be as similar as possible to the threatened tree species in terms of species supported, tree traits and the environmental conditions under which the tree will grow. This study assesses the availability and quality of data to assess the ecological impact of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and the suitability of 48 alternative trees to replace F. excelsior in the UK. To make this assessment data were collected on 1) species use (whether the 955 ash-associated species will use the alternative tree species), 2) traits (bark pH, deciduous, floral reward, fruit type, height, leaf dry matter content, leaf shape, length of flowering time, mycorrhizal association, pollen vector and specific leaf area) and 3) site requirements (occurrence within northern/southern and upland/lowland Britain, detailed climatic and soil nutrient requirements). For all three assessment methods there was lower confidence in the suitability of non-native tree species to replace F. excelsior due to lack of data. Different alternative tree species were ranked most suitable depending on the methods used. We conclude that no one species is suited to all the site types associated with F. excelsior, nor will any one tree species support a high percentage of the ash-associated species while also matching many of the traits of F. excelsior. Our work provides broad guidance on the suitability of the 48 alternatives but site specific information is required to refine this selection at each site. The study highlights a lack of information to make a full assessment of the suitability of many species, particularly non-native species and calls for the collation of biological records so that rapid assessments of the potential ecological impacts of the loss of any given tree species and the suitability of their alternative tree species can be made.