Autism Spectrum Disorders and Drug Addiction: Common Pathways, Common Molecules, Distinct Disorders?
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Drug Addiction: Common Pathways, Common Molecules, Distinct Disorders?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2016.00020
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Rothwell PE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rothwell PE
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和药物成瘾在病因学或病理学上没有实质性的共病或明显的相似性。因此，令人惊讶的是，最近的一些研究涉及重叠的神经回路和分子信号通路在这两种疾病。这篇综述的目的是强调这一新兴的交叉点，并考虑理解这些看似不同的疾病的病理生理学的影响。重叠的一个领域涉及纹状体和基底神经节中的神经回路和神经调节系统，其在成瘾和奖励中发挥既定作用，但越来越多地涉及ASD的临床和临床前研究。第二个重叠领域涉及像脆性X智力低下蛋白（FMRP）和甲基CpG结合蛋白-2（MECP2）这样的分子，这些分子以其对综合征型ASD发病机制的贡献而闻名，但最近已被证明可以调节成瘾药物暴露的行为和神经生物学反应。这些共同的途径和分子指向行为功能障碍的共同维度，包括行为模式的重复和异常的奖励处理。通过对ASD和成瘾的平行调查所获得的知识的综合可能会激发新的治疗干预措施的设计，以纠正纹状体功能障碍的常见因素。
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and drug addiction do not share substantial comorbidity or obvious similarities in etiology or symptomatology. It is thus surprising that a number of recent studies implicate overlapping neural circuits and molecular signaling pathways in both disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight this emerging intersection and consider implications for understanding the pathophysiology of these seemingly distinct disorders. One area of overlap involves neural circuits and neuromodulatory systems in the striatum and basal ganglia, which play an established role in addiction and reward but are increasingly implicated in clinical and preclinical studies of ASDs. A second area of overlap relates to molecules like Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and methyl CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2), which are best known for their contribution to the pathogenesis of syndromic ASDs, but have recently been shown to regulate behavioral and neurobiological responses to addictive drug exposure. These shared pathways and molecules point to common dimensions of behavioral dysfunction, including the repetition of behavioral patterns and aberrant reward processing. The synthesis of knowledge gained through parallel investigations of ASDs and addiction may inspire the design of new therapeutic interventions to correct common elements of striatal dysfunction.