Comparing the ecological impacts of native and invasive crayfish: could native species' translocation do more harm than good?
Comparing the ecological impacts of native and invasive crayfish: could native species' translocation do more harm than good?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-014-3195-0
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Cable, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James, J.;Slater, F. M.;Cable, J.
生物入侵是对全球生物多样性的主要威胁。小龙虾等杂食性动物是最重要的入侵者群体之一。它们的引入往往导致生物多样性的丧失，特别是它们的本土对应生物的丧失。有管理地将本地小龙虾从受到入侵小龙虾威胁的地区重新安置到孤立的‘方舟遗址’，有时被建议作为本地小龙虾的一种保护策略；然而，这种重新安置可能会对接受者的生态系统产生意想不到的有害后果。尽管如此，很少有人试图量化本地和入侵的小龙虾对水生生态系统的相对影响。为了解决这一不足，我们对本地和入侵小龙虾对九个生态系统组成部分的影响进行了荟萃分析：腐解率、初级生产力、植物生物量、无脊椎动物密度、生物量和多样性、鱼类生物量和避难所使用以及两栖类幼体存活。原生和入侵的小龙虾显著降低了无脊椎动物的密度和生物量、鱼类的生物量和两栖类的存活率，并显著增加了腐解率。入侵的小龙虾还显著降低了植物生物量和无脊椎动物多样性，提高了初级生产力。这些结果表明，本土和入侵的小龙虾对水生生态系统有广泛的影响，入侵物种可能会加剧这种影响。随后的分析表明，与本地小龙虾相比，入侵小龙虾对分解和初级生产力的影响明显更大，但对无脊椎动物的密度、生物量和多样性的影响不大。总体而言，我们的发现再次证实了本地和入侵小龙虾改变生态系统的能力，加强了仔细监管本地物种的有管理的迁移以及开发入侵控制程序的必要性。
Biological invasions are a principal threat to global biodiversity. Omnivores, such as crayfish, are among the most important groups of invaders. Their introduction often results in biodiversity loss, particularly of their native counterparts. Managed relocations of native crayfish from areas under threat from invasive crayfish into isolated 'ark sites' are sometimes suggested as a conservation strategy for native crayfish; however, such relocations may have unintended detrimental consequences for the recipient ecosystem. Despite this, there have been few attempts to quantify the relative impacts of native and invasive crayfish on aquatic ecosystems. To address this deficiency we conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of native and invasive crayfish on nine ecosystem components: decomposition rate, primary productivity, plant biomass, invertebrate density, biomass and diversity, fish biomass and refuge use, and amphibian larval survival. Native and invasive crayfish significantly reduced invertebrate density and biomass, fish biomass and amphibian survival rate and significantly increased decomposition rates. Invasive crayfish also significantly reduced plant biomass and invertebrate diversity and increased primary productivity. These results show that native and invasive crayfish have wide-ranging impacts on aquatic ecosystems that may be exacerbated for invasive species. Subsequent analysis showed that the impacts of invasive crayfish were significantly greater, in comparison to native crayfish, for decomposition and primary productivity but not invertebrate density, biomass and diversity. Overall, our findings reconfirm the ecosystem altering abilities of both native and invasive crayfish, enforcing the need to carefully regulate managed relocations of native species as well as to develop control programs for invasives.