Sins of omission are more likely to be forgiven in non-native speakers
Sins of omission are more likely to be forgiven in non-native speakers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.010
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Papafragou, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fairchild, Sarah;Papafragou, Anna
与母语者相比，外国口音者的话语通常被认为不太可信，更模糊，更难以理解。一些理论认为，听者对非母语人士的讲话有不同的期望。其他说法认为，非母语语言的处理方式不同，以至于外国口音会增加可理解性，并引入额外的处理负荷。在这里，我们测试了期望在无法直接感知口音的书面文本中对母语和非母语语音的处理中的作用（从而影响处理负荷）。在实验1中，与母语者相比，当母语者相信非母语者说的句子（“有些人的鼻子有两个鼻孔”）的含义时，他们对信息不足句子（“有些人的鼻子有两个鼻孔”）的意义给予了更高的评价。个体参与者越倾向于用务实的方式（而不是逻辑的方式）解释信息不足的句子，这种差异就越大。在实验2中，宽恕信息遗漏错误的倾向与假定的非母语者的二语熟练程度有关。实验3重复并扩展了主要发现。由于不同类型的说话者对句子的可理解性是相同的，这些发现为期望对非母语语言理解的作用提供了支持，也为更广泛的语言处理模型提供了支持，这些模型主张说话者身份的作用。
Utterances produced by foreign-accented speakers are often judged as less credible, more vague, and more difficult to understand compared to those produced by native speakers. Some theoretical accounts argue that listeners have different expectations about the speech of non-native speakers. Other accounts argue that non-native speech is processed differently to the extent that a foreign accent taxes intelligibility and introduces additional processing load. Here we test the role of expectations for the processing of native vs. non-native speech in written texts where accents cannot be directly perceived (and thus affect processing load). In Experiment 1, native comprehenders gave higher ratings to the meaning of under-informative sentences ("Some people have noses with two nostrils") when they believed that the sentences were produced by non-native compared to native speakers. This difference was larger the more likely individual participants were to interpret under-informative sentences pragmatically (as opposed to logically). In Experiment 2, the tendency to forgive sins of information omission was shown to depend on the presumed L2 proficiency of non-native speakers. Experiment 3 replicated and extended the major finding. Since intelligibility of the sentences was identical across types of speakers, these findings provide support for the role of expectations for non-native speech comprehension, as well as for broader models of language processing that argue for a role of speaker identity.