Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea)
Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea)
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00003.x
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Brothers, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brothers, DJ
本文对Brothers & Carpenter于1993年发表的Aculeata（广义）科级系统发育的分支系统学研究进行了简要回顾和重新评价，特别是关于胡蜂总科和蜜蜂总科的部分。这仍然是最新的一般治疗的主题，但几个关系表明只有微弱的支持，特别是那些Pompilidae和Rhopalosomatidae。使用的字符几乎完全是形态，重新评估的地面计划状态和假设的字符状态的变化，特别是从不同的样本的检查，可能会导致略有不同的结论，为一些类群，因为是使用额外的或新的字符，包括分子。胡蜂总科中类群之间的关系比蜜蜂总科中类群之间的关系要清楚得多，但最近关于蜜蜂的两个主要类群（米切纳及其同事）和各种球蜂类群（亚历山大和梅洛）的研究至少为某些科提供了更清晰的信息。一个单一的分支图显示这些类群的推定的关系，应承认在家庭的水平，为整个Aculeata。它们分别是金龟子总科、蜜蜂总科和胡蜂总科（限制用花括号表示）：（Plumariidae +（Scolebythidae +（（Bethylidae + Chrysididae）+（石蛾科+（鳞蛾科+栓蛾科）}+（{异雌蜂科+（瓶蜂科+（球蜂科+（蟹蜂科+蜜蜂科）} + {长颈蜂科+（（Tophiidae+（Sapygidae + Mutillidae））+（（Pompilidae + Rhopalosomatidae）+（Bradynobaenidae +（Formicidae +（Vespidae + Scolidae）}）。目前的知识的家庭内的胡蜂总科的关系进行了审查。一个新的分析亚分类群的Mutillidae，根据兄弟出版于1975年，提出;亚科被确认为：（Myrmosinae [ = Myrmosini + Kudakrumiini] +（Pseudophotopsidinae +（Ticoplinae +（Rhopalomutillinae +（Sphaeropthalminae [ = Dasylabrini +（Sphaeropthalmina + Pseudomethocina）] +（Myrmillinae + Mutillinae [ = Ephutini +（Mutillina + Smermyrmina）]）。
The comprehensive cladistic study of family-level phylogeny in the Aculeata (sensu lato) by Brothers & Carpenter, published in 1993, is briefly reviewed and re-evaluated, particularly with respect to the sections dealing with Vespoidea and Apoidea. This remains the most recent general treatment of the subject, but several of the relationships indicated are only weakly supported, notably those of Pompilidae and Rhopalosomatidae. Characters used were almost entirely morphological, and re-evaluation of ground-plan states and hypotheses of character-state changes, specially from examination of different exemplars, is likely to lead to slightly different conclusions for some taxa, as is the use of additional or new characters, including molecular ones. The relationships of taxa within the Vespoidea are much better known than for those in the Apoidea, but recent work on the two major groups of bees (by Michener and colleagues) and various groups of sphecoid wasps (by Alexander and Melo) have provided greater clarity, for some families at least. A single cladogram showing the putative relationships of those taxa which should be recognized at the family level for the entire Aculeata is presented. These are, for the Chrysidoidea, Apoidea and Vespoidea, respectively (limits indicated by curly brackets): {Plumariidae + (Scolebythidae + ((Bethylidae + Chrysididae) + (Sclerogibbidae + (Dryinidae + Embolemidae))))} + ({Heterogynaidae + (Ampulicidae + (Sphecidae + (Crabronidae + Apidae)))} + {Sierolomorphidae + ((Tiphiidae + (Sapygidae + Mutillidae)) + ((Pompilidae + Rhopalosomatidae) + (Bradynobaenidae + (Formicidae + (Vespidae + Scoliidae)))))}). Current knowledge of the relationships within the families of Vespoidea is reviewed. A new analysis of the subtaxa of Mutillidae, based on that of Brothers published in 1975, is presented; the subfamilies to be recognized are: (Myrmosinae [ = Myrmosini + Kudakrumiini] + (Pseudophotopsidinae + (Ticoplinae + (Rhopalomutillinae + (Sphaeropthalminae [ = Dasylabrini + (Sphaeropthalmina + Pseudomethocina)] + (Myrmillinae + Mutillinae [ = Ephutini + (Mutillina + Smicromyrmina)])))))).