Entrepreneurs Operating in the Informal Economy: Necessity or Opportunity Driven?
Entrepreneurs Operating in the Informal Economy: Necessity or Opportunity Driven?
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在非正规经济中经营的企业家：需求驱动还是机会驱动？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Williams
摘要 为了评估区分机会创业和必然创业的有效性，本文研究了在账外进行部分或全部交易的企业家的动机。本文报告了英国关于此类企业家动机的经验证据，不仅揭示了必要性绝不是他们的主要动机，在合法企业家中，必要性与机会创业的比率也被认为是相似的，而且将个人挤入这种二分法的一侧或另一侧过度简化了非正规经济中的创业动机。其结果是呼吁超越必要性/机会二元论，取而代之的是对支持这种隐藏的企业文化以及更广泛的主流创业精神的多样化和复杂动机的更丰富和更有质感的理解。
Abstract To evaluate the validity of distinguishing between opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship, this paper investigates the motives of entrepreneurs who conduct some or all of their transactions on an off-the-books basis. Reporting empirical evidence from England on the motives of such entrepreneurs, this paper reveals not only that necessity is by no means their predominant motive, with a similar ratio of necessity-to-opportunity entrepreneurship being identified as amongst legitimate entrepreneurs, but also that squeezing individuals into one side or the other of this dichotomy over-simplifies the motives for entrepreneurship in the informal economy. The outcome is a call for the necessity/opportunity dualism to be transcended and replaced by a richer and more textured understanding of the diverse and complex motives underpinning participation in both this hidden enterprise culture as well as mainstream entrepreneurship more generally.