Evolution and inheritance of early embryonic patterning in Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia.

Evolution and inheritance of early embryonic patterning in Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01206.x
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发表时间:
2011-05
期刊:
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kreitman M
Kreitman M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lott SE;Ludwig MZ;Kreitman M

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果蝇中的模式形成是一个被广泛研究的健壮发育系统的例子。这种强大的系统对适应性进化提出了挑战,因为它们掩盖了选择可能会起作用的变化。然而,我们发现在图案形成途径中的表达域的本地化(此后称为“条纹异速生长”)的变化。具体来说,我们的特点差异的差距基因巨人和Kruppel,和配对规则基因甚至跳过,这是不同的兄弟物种D。simulans和D. sechellia。在双回交试验中,条纹异速生长与条纹位置的母系遗传和多个遗传因素一致,具有与胚长不同的遗传基础。由F1和F2回交母体产生的胚胎表现出相对于亲本物种的基因表达的新的空间模式,个体之间的位置方差没有可测量的增加。在回交基因型中缓冲新的空间模式表明,稳健性不需要为了性状的进化而被破坏,也许系统无法进化以阻止所有遗传变异的表达。这一限制,以及自然选择作用于缓冲机制的“误差范围”内的微小遗传差异的能力,表明发育缓冲特征可以在不破坏稳健性的情况下进化
Pattern formation in Drosophila is a widely studied example of a robust developmental system. Such robust systems pose a challenge to adaptive evolution, as they mask variation which selection may otherwise act upon. Yet we find variation in the localization of expression domains (henceforth ‘stripe allometry’) in the pattern formation pathway. Specifically, we characterize differences in the gap genes giant and Kruppel, and the pair-rule gene even-skipped, which differ between the sibling species D. simulans and D. sechellia. In a double-backcross experiment, stripe allometry is consistent with maternal inheritance of stripe positioning and multiple genetic factors, with a distinct genetic basis from embryo length. Embryos produced by F1 and F2 backcross mothers exhibit novel spatial patterns of gene expression relative to the parental species, with no measurable increase in positional variance among individuals. Buffering of novel spatial patterns in the backcross genotypes suggests that robustness need not be disrupted in order for the trait to evolve, and perhaps the system is incapable of evolving to prevent the expression of all genetic variation. This limitation, and the ability of natural selection to act on minute genetic differences that are within the “margin of error” for the buffering mechanism, indicates that developmentally buffered traits can evolve without disruption of robustness
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