Immune response from a resource allocation perspective.
Immune response from a resource allocation perspective.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2012.00267
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rauw WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rauw WM
免疫系统是一种生活史特征，可以预期与其他生活史特征进行权衡。一个性状是否被认为是一个生活史性状，对它如何响应自然选择和进化的预期有影响;此外，当它被包括在育种目标中时，它可能对人工选择的结果有影响。参与病原体抗性的免疫系统包括定义宿主防御能力的多种机制。免疫抗性涉及采用防止病原体入侵或在病原体入侵时消除病原体的机制。另一方面，耐受性涉及限制由感染引起的损害。耐受性和抗性性状都需要（重新）分配资源并承担生理成本。免疫功能和生长，繁殖和应激反应之间的权衡的例子提供在这篇评论中，除了增加生产的免疫功能的选择的后果，反之亦然。反应规范用于处理免疫抵抗与对病原体耐受的问题，这些问题将宿主健康与感染强度联系起来。从本质上讲，家畜免疫耐受性的选择是动物鲁棒性选择的一个特殊情况。由于育种目标，包括鲁棒性性状的实施更可持续的农业生产系统中所需的，它是感兴趣的研究是否免疫耐受性是一个鲁棒性性状，是正相关的整体动物的鲁棒性。需要进行更多的研究来估计不同免疫策略的成本函数的形状，并调查在畜牧生产中选择抗病性和/或抗病性的权衡和交叉效益。
The immune system is a life history trait that can be expected to trade off against other life history traits. Whether or not a trait is considered to be a life history trait has consequences for the expectation on how it responds to natural selection and evolution; in addition, it may have consequences for the outcome of artificial selection when it is included in the breeding objective. The immune system involved in pathogen resistance comprises multiple mechanisms that define a host's defensive capacity. Immune resistance involves employing mechanisms that either prevent pathogens from invading or eliminate the pathogens when they do invade. On the other hand, tolerance involves limiting the damage that is caused by the infection. Both tolerance and resistance traits require (re)allocation of resources and carry physiological costs. Examples of trade-offs between immune function and growth, reproduction and stress response are provided in this review, in addition to consequences of selection for increased production on immune function and vice versa. Reaction norms are used to deal with questions of immune resistance vs. tolerance to pathogens that relate host health to infection intensity. In essence, selection for immune tolerance in livestock is a particular case of selection for animal robustness. Since breeding goals that include robustness traits are required in the implementation of more sustainable agricultural production systems, it is of interest to investigate whether immune tolerance is a robustness trait that is positively correlated with overall animal robustness. Considerably more research is needed to estimate the shapes of the cost functions of different immune strategies, and investigate trade-offs and cross-over benefits of selection for disease resistance and/or disease tolerance in livestock production.