Exposure to Disinfection By-products During Pregnancy
Exposure to Disinfection By-products During Pregnancy
复制标题
怀孕期间接触消毒副产品
DOI：
10.1097/01.ede.0000392043.30688.93
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Smith R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith R
方法：分析出生于布拉德福德队列（n= 4045）的妇女的饮水、淋浴、洗澡和游泳模式。通过问卷调查收集这些个人水平的用水数据，并使用7天暴露日记在嵌套研究（n= 39）中进行验证。结合个人水平的用水数据和模拟区域水平的三卤甲烷浓度，计算了2710名妇女在怀孕期间暴露于三卤甲烷（THMs）的半个体指标。半个人的暴露指标进行了分析，使用方差分析，以评估贡献的空间，时间，和个人组成部分的variability.Results：初步结果显示，水的消耗量，淋浴，洗澡，游泳不同，根据人口和生活方式变量（例如，结合淋浴/洗澡，每周减少在不断增加的年龄组，最年轻和最老的年龄组之间的差异几乎2小时），并建议自我报告的用水数据的准确性不同，根据就业状况。虽然潜在的模式的空间和时间变化的THM浓度在水龙头可以观察到在半个人的THM暴露度量的贡献，总的变化是非常小的，它出现的大多数（83%-96%）的变异THM暴露是由个人的变化在水的使用behavior.Conclusion：这项研究提供了重要的见解，自我报告的暴露数据的准确性和驾驶DBP暴露的因素之间的孕妇。这些发现对于评估DBP与不良出生结局之间关系的研究中的暴露评估和流行病学分析具有重要意义。
Methods:Patterns of water consumption, showering, bathing, and swimming were analyzed for women in the Born in Bradford cohort (n= 4045). These individual-level water use data were collected by questionnaire and validated in a nested study (n= 39), using a 7-day exposure diary. Semi-individual metrics of exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) during pregnancy were calculated for 2710 women combining individual-level water use data and modeled area-level THM concentrations. Semi-individual exposure metrics were analyzed using ANOVA to assess the contribution of spatial, temporal, and individual components of variability.Results:Preliminary results show that water consumption, showering, bathing, and swimming differ according to demographic and lifestyle variables (eg, combined showering/bathing per week decreases across increasing age groups, with a difference of almost 2 hours between youngest and oldest age groups), and suggest accuracy of self-reported water use data differs according to employment status. Whilst underlying patterns of spatial and temporal variation in THM concentrations at the tap can be observed in semi-individual THM exposure metrics their contributions to total variability are very small, and it appears the majority (83%–96%) of variability in THM exposure is explained by individual variation in water use behavior.Conclusion:This study provides important insights into the accuracy of self-reported exposure data and the factors driving DBP exposure amongst pregnant women. The findings are valuable to inform exposure assessment and epidemiological analysis in studies assessing the relationship between DBPs and adverse birth outcomes.