Workplace drug testing and worker drug use
Workplace drug testing and worker drug use
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00632.x
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Carpenter, Christopher S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carpenter, Christopher S.
客观的。研究工作场所药物检测与工人药物使用之间关联的性质和程度。数据来源。重复 2000 年至 2001 年全国家庭药物滥用调查 (NHSDA) 和 2002 年全国药物使用与健康调查 (NSDUH) 的横断面。研究设计。使用大麻可能性的多元逻辑回归模型是根据几种不同的工作场所药物政策（包括药物测试）来估计的。关于处罚严重程度和被发现可能性的具体问题用于进一步评估该协会的性质。主要发现。即使在控制了广泛的工人和工作特征之后，雇主进行药物测试的个人报告过去一个月吸食大麻的可能性也显着降低。然而，对于表明公司是否有药物教育、员工援助计划或有关药物使用的简单书面政策的变量也存在很大的负相关性。考虑到这些其他工作场所特征会减少（但不会消除）测试差异。频繁的测试和严厉的处罚降低了工人使用大麻的可能性。结论。先前的研究将工作场所药物测试与员工药物使用之间的巨大负相关性解释为药物测试的因果威慑作用。我们使用更全面的数据得出的结果表明，由于遗漏变量偏差，这些估计值被稍微高估了。结果的总体模式在很大程度上与工作场所药物测试阻止工人吸毒的假设相一致。
Objective. To examine the nature and extent of the association between workplace drug testing and worker drug use.Data Sources. Repeated cross-sections from the 2000 to 2001 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) and the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).Study Design. Multivariate logistic regression models of the likelihood of marijuana use are estimated as a function of several different workplace drug policies, including drug testing. Specific questions about penalty severity and the likelihood of detection are used to further evaluate the nature of the association.Principal Findings. Individuals whose employers perform drug tests are significantly less likely to report past month marijuana use, even after controlling for a wide array of worker and job characteristics. However, large negative associations are also found for variables indicating whether a firm has drug education, an employee assistance program, or a simple written policy about substance use. Accounting for these other workplace characteristics reduces-but does not eliminate-the testing differential. Frequent testing and severe penalties reduce the likelihood that workers use marijuana.Conclusions. Previous studies have interpreted the large negative correlation between workplace drug testing and employee substance use as representing a causal deterrent effect of drug testing. Our results using more comprehensive data suggest that these estimates have been slightly overstated due to omitted variables bias. The overall pattern of results remains largely consistent with the hypothesis that workplace drug testing deters worker drug use.