THE TETTIGONIID (ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIIDAE) EAR - MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY
THE TETTIGONIID (ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIIDAE) EAR - MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY
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DOI：
10.1016/0020-7322(93)90009-p
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发表时间：
1993-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BAILEY, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BAILEY, WJ
丛林蟋蟀(直翅目：叶蝉科)的耳朵由位于前胫骨膝盖下方的一对膜组成。这些膜，或鼓膜，由专门用于声音接收的气管系统支持。在大多数物种中，气管通过一个孔打开，这个孔是听觉气孔，位于前胸腔的胸膜上，与通气孔相邻。实验证据清楚地表明，在那些拥有这种开口的物种中，通过这一途径进入的声音通过气管的形状被放大，或者至少通过其气管腔或管子产生的共振而被修改。在一些物种中，鼓膜的外表面被角质皱折包围，角质皱折可能形成小的共振腔或导音羽片。在其他物种中，鼓膜是裸露的。声音通过这些角质腔或直接在鼓膜表面与鼓膜外表面相互作用。就像听觉气管一样，这些腔体的形状可能会通过共振改变声音。这篇综述考察了外部和内部声导在声音接收中的作用。它讨论了不同物种如何利用不同的声音接收系统，并提出在某些情况下，外部和内部路线如何对不同的频段做出反应。耳朵的最大敏感度总是与男性的呼叫载波频率一致。描述了两种澳大利亚的四角鸟，它们的耳朵明显不听雄鸟的叫声。详细描述了一种未被描述的亚科物种ZaproChilinae的生物学特性，其中不仅耳朵不调谐，而且耳朵结构中存在明显的性别二型性。这篇综述的最后对可能是为了达到角蜂科中存在的极端形态而采取的路线选择进行了检查。
The ears of bushcrickets (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae) consist of a pair of membranes situated beneath the knee of the foretibia. These membranes, or tympana, are backed by a tracheal system dedicated to sound reception. In most species, a trachea opens through a hole, the auditory spiracle, in the pleuron of the prothorax adjacent to the ventilatory spiracle. Experimental evidence clearly shows that in those species possessing such an opening, sound entering through this route is amplified by the shape of the trachea, or at least is modified through resonances created by its tracheal cavities or tubes. In some species the external surface of the tympanic membrane is surrounded by cuticular folds, which may be formed into small resonating cavities or sound guiding pinnae. In other species the tympana are naked. Sound interacts with the external surface of the tympana, either through these cuticular cavities or directly at the surface of the membrane. As with auditory tracheae, the shape of these cavities may modify sound through resonances. This review examines the role of both external and internal sound-guides in sound reception. It discusses how different species may utilize different sound receiving systems and suggests how, in some cases, both external and internal routes may respond to different frequency bands. The maximum sensitivity of the ear invariably coincides with the male's call carrier frequency. Two Australian species of tettigoniid where the ear is clearly not tuned to the male's call are described. The biology of one undescribed species belonging to the subfamily, Zaprochilinae, where not only is the ear untuned, but there is marked sexual dimorphism in ear structure, is elaborated on. The review concludes with an examination of the routes selection may have taken to arrive at the extreme morphologies present in the Tettigoniidae.