Eco-localisation as a progressive response to peak oil and climate change - A sympathetic critique
Eco-localisation as a progressive response to peak oil and climate change - A sympathetic critique
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生态本地化作为对石油峰值和气候变化的渐进反应——同情批评
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.04.013
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
North P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
North P
本文批判性但富有同情心地审视了生态本地化，作为对“石油峰值”的回应，并减少二氧化碳排放以避免危险的气候变化。本文并未将气候变化和石油峰值的政治视为某种“后政治”，而是认为地方经济的主角正在发展激进的生计和经济新概念，直接违背基于增长的资本主义经济战略的逻辑和精英经济发展的概念。以发展理论为基础 [Cowen, M., Shenton, R., 1996。发展理论。 Routledge，伦敦]，该论文提出了“内在”和“有意”本地化的概念，前者是距离市场较近的运输成本较高的经济活动企业的简单举措。有意本地化的倡导者正在基层更加积极地工作，在更加本地化的经济体中发展资源密集度较低但令人愉快和充实的生计的基础上，制定针对石油峰值和气候变化的本地解决方案。在讨论本地化的争议性质时，本文讨论了新自由主义倡导者和左翼人士对生态本地化的批评，然后得出结论，本地化应该更多地被视为对经济活动地点的不同计算，其目的是减少石油消耗和二氧化碳排放，而不是呼吁自给自足。本文最后认为，对经济网络规模的分析需要更多地关注石油消费和二氧化碳排放的实质性，并且规模不能被视为社会建构的。
This paper critically but sympathetically examines eco-localisation as a response to ‘peak oil’ and to reduce the emission of CO2to avoid dangerous climate change. Rather than seeing the politics of climate change and peak oil as in some way ‘post-political’, the paper argues that protagonists of localised economies are developing radical new conceptions of livelihood and economy that directly cut against the logic of growth-based capitalist economic strategies and elite conceptualisations of economic development. Building on development theory [Cowen, M., Shenton, R., 1996. Doctrines of Development. Routledge, London], the paper develops a conceptualisation of ‘immanent’ and ‘intentional’ localisation, with the former a simple move by businesses of economic activities that have high transport costs closer to their markets. Advocates of intentional localisation are working more pro actively at grassroots level to develop local solutions to peak oil and climate change based on developing less resource-intensive yet enjoyable and fulfilling livelihoods in more localised economies. In discussing the contested nature of localisation, the paper engages with critiques of eco-localisation from neoliberal advocates and from the left, before concluding that localisation should be seen more as a different calculation of where economic activities would be located, which aims to reduce oil consumption and CO2emissions, rather than a call for autarky. The paper concludes by arguing that analyses of the scale of economic networks need to pay more attention of the materiality of oil consumption and CO2emissions, and that scales cannot be seen as socially constructed.