The Interplay of Personality and Functional Health in Old and Very Old Age: Dynamic Within-Person Interrelations Across up to 13 Years
The Interplay of Personality and Functional Health in Old and Very Old Age: Dynamic Within-Person Interrelations Across up to 13 Years
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000173
复制
发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gerstorf, Denis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mueller, Swantje;Wagner, Jenny;Gerstorf, Denis
长期以来，概念和实证研究都表明，人格和健康在以后的生活中紧密交织在一起。然而，人们对这两个领域之间的时间顺序联系的性质和方向知之甚少。我们将连续时间自动和交叉效应模型应用于柏林老龄化研究（Berlin Aging Study）中多达6波的13年纵向数据（N = 516, M = 84.92, SD = 8.66，年龄范围70至103），并检验了人格特征（即外向性和神经质）与晚年功能健康（即身体和感觉功能）基于绩效的指标之间的时间顺序关系。结果表明，与老年人（70至84岁）和老年人（85岁以上）在晚年生活中区分的建议一致，神经质对功能健康的预测作用在年轻人中比在老年人中更强。相比之下，与年轻人相比，老年人的健康状况下降更明显地预示着他们神经质的变化。此外，我们发现外向性的降低预示着随后功能健康的下降，反之亦然，这种影响在年轻和年长的参与者中同样明显。此外，通过采用连续时间模型，我们可以证明这些影响的大小取决于所考虑的时间间隔。这些发现表明，在老年和老年阶段，人格和功能健康紧密地交织在一起，而时间顺序关联的性质在特征和年龄阶段之间是不同的。我们将讨论概念和实际含义。
Conceptual and empirical work has long suggested that personality and health are closely intertwined later in life. Little is known, however, about the nature and direction of time-ordered associations between the 2 domains within-persons. We applied continuous time auto-and cross-effects models to up to 6 waves of 13-year longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study (N = 516, M = 84.92, SD = 8.66, age range 70 to 103) and examined time-ordered relations between personality traits (i.e., extraversion and neuroticism) and performance-based indicators of functional health (i.e., physical and sensory functioning) in late life. Consistent with proposals to distinguish the young-old (age 70 to 84) from the oldest-old (aged 85 +) in later life, results suggest that predictive effects of neuroticism on functional health are stronger in younger as compared with older individuals. In contrast, health decrements precede and predict change in neuroticism in the oldest-old more strongly as compared with the young-old. In addition, we found that decreases in extraversion predict subsequent decreases in functional health and vice versa, with effects being equally pronounced among younger and older participants. Furthermore, by employing continuous time models we could demonstrate that the magnitude of these effects varies depending upon the time interval under consideration. These findings suggest that personality and functional health are closely intertwined in old and very old age, and that the nature of time-ordered associations differs between traits and age period. We discuss conceptual and practical implications.