Pea aphid-parasitoid interactions: Have parasitoids adapted to differential resistance?
Pea aphid-parasitoid interactions: Have parasitoids adapted to differential resistance?
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DOI：
10.2307/2680191
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Hufbauer, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hufbauer, RA
在昆虫寄主-拟寄生蜂系统中，寄主成功的免疫反应杀死了拟寄生蜂，而拟寄生蜂的成功发育也杀死了寄主。因此，宿主及其寄生蜂可以对彼此施加强烈的选择，这可能导致宿主防御特征和寄生蜂反防御的协同进化。在纽约州北部，豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）专门对苜蓿，平均而言，2倍以上的生理抗性寄生蚜虫ervi寄生蜂比豌豆蚜虫专门对三叶草有遗传变异的种群内的蚜虫ervi在克服豌豆蚜虫抗性的能力，从而在蚜虫抗性的差异的进化反应是可能的。在这里，我的文件，豌豆蚜虫种群在实验室测定中更耐寄生表现出较低的寄生率在外地，这表明蚜虫抗性的遗传差异可能会影响成功的寄生率。我发现，在纽约，专门对苜蓿或三叶草的豌豆蚜虫之间的抗性差异存在于几年来测定的其他豌豆蚜虫种群中，并且存在于马里兰州和纽约。然而，尽管潜在的选择制度，由于蚜虫抗性的差异很大的差异，寄生蜂收集苜蓿领域和三叶草领域没有不同的能力，克服豌豆蚜虫抗性。没有证据表明它们适应了来自其家乡作物的蚜虫，或在当地适应了来自其家乡田地的蚜虫。这种拟寄生虫的流动性，以及它作为生物控制剂最近才引入北美，可能导致缺乏适应。
In insect host-parasitoid systems, successful immune responses of the host kill the parasitoid, and successful development of the parasitoid will kill the host. Thus, hosts and their parasitoids can exert strong selection on each other that may lead to the coevolution of host defense traits and parasitoid counter-defenses. In upstate New York, pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) specialized on alfalfa are, on average, two times more physiologically resistant to parasitism by Aphidius ervi parasitoids than pea aphids specialized on clover There is genetic Variation within populations of Aphidius ervi in the ability to overcome pea aphid resistance; thus an evolutionary response to the differences in aphid resistance is possible. Here, I document that pea aphid populations that are more resistant to parasitism in laboratory assays exhibit lower rates of parasitism in the field, suggesting that the genetically based differences in aphid resistance may influence rates of successful parasitism. I found that the difference in resistance between pea aphids specialized on alfalfa or on clover in New York is present in additional populations of pea aphids assayed over several years and is present in Maryland as well as New York. However, despite the potentially large difference in selective regimes due to differences in aphid resistance, parasitoids collected from alfalfa fields and clover fields do not differ in their ability to overcome pea aphid resistance. There is no evidence that they are adapted to aphids from their home crop, or locally adapted to aphids from their home field. The mobility of this parasitoid, and its relatively recent introduction to North America as a biological control agent, may contribute to the lack of adaptation.