Prefrontal Function Engaging in External-Focused Attention in 5- to 6-Month-Old Infants: A Suggestion for Default Mode Network.
Prefrontal Function Engaging in External-Focused Attention in 5- to 6-Month-Old Infants: A Suggestion for Default Mode Network.
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在5至6个月大的婴儿中参与外部关注的前额叶功能：默认模式网络的建议。
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00676
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Minagawa Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu M;Hoshino E;Yatabe K;Matsuda S;Sato H;Maki A;Yoshimura M;Minagawa Y
本研究使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）来测量5至6个月大的婴儿的前额叶皮层（PFC）的血流动力学反应的视觉刺激不同的显着性和社会价值。19名日本5至6个月大的婴儿观看了由动漫人物（AC）或人类表演的Peek-a-Boo（社交信号）的视频片段，以及AC表演的无社交信号的手部动作。采用22通道fNIRS技术测定婴儿PFC活性，同时记录婴儿注视时间等行为。近红外光谱数据显示，婴儿的血流动力学反应在PFC普遍下降，由于这些刺激，减少是最突出的额极（FP），覆盖内侧PFC（MPFC），当婴儿观看躲猫猫由AC执行。此外，当婴儿观看由AC执行的Peek-a-Boo时，背外侧PFC（DLPFC）的减少比人类更明显。因此，行为数据显示，当由AC执行Peek-a-Boo时，比由人类执行的时间明显更长。Peek-a-Boo和非Peek-a-Boo条件之间在两种测量中均未观察到显著差异。这些发现表明，这个年龄段的婴儿可能更喜欢具有更显著特征的刺激，这可能更有效地吸引他们的注意力。结合我们之前关于相似年龄婴儿对自己名字呼叫反应的发现，我们假设MPFC及其附近区域的动态功能（作为默认模式网络（DMN）的一部分：通过自我聚焦刺激增强，通过外部聚焦刺激减弱）在成人中持续观察到，可能已经在5至6个月大的婴儿中出现。
The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure 5- to 6-month-old infants’ hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to visual stimuli differing in saliency and social value. Nineteen Japanese 5- to 6-month-old infants watched video clips of Peek-a-Boo (social signal) performed by an anime character (AC) or a human, and hand movements without social signal performed by an AC. The PFC activity of infants was measured by 22-channel fNIRS, while behaviors including looking time were recorded simultaneously. NIRS data showed that infants’ hemodynamic responses in the PFC generally decreased due to these stimuli, and the decrease was most prominent in the frontopolar (FP), covering medial PFC (MPFC), when infants were viewing Peek-a-Boo performed by an AC. Moreover, the decrease was more pronounced in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) when infants were viewing Peek-a-Boo performed by an AC than by a human. Accordingly, behavioral data revealed significantly longer looking times when Peek-a-Boo was performed by an AC than by a human. No significant difference between Peek-a-Boo and non-Peek-a-Boo conditions was observed in either measure. These findings indicate that infants at this age may prefer stimuli with more salient features, which may be more effective in attracting their attentions. In conjunction with our previous findings on responses to self-name calling in infants of similar age, we hypothesize that the dynamic function of the MPFC and its vicinity (as part of default mode network (DMN): enhanced by self-focused stimuli, attenuated by externally focused stimuli), which is consistently observed in adults, may have already emerged in 5- to 6-month-old infants.