Hydrothermal Alteration of Basalt by Seawater and Formation of Secondary Minerals – An Electron Microprobe Study

Hydrothermal Alteration of Basalt by Seawater and Formation of Secondary Minerals – An Electron Microprobe Study
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海水对玄武岩的热液蚀变和次生矿物的形成——电子显微探针研究

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-20018-2_7
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Garbe-Schönberg C-D
Garbe-Schönberg C-D
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kusebauch Ch;Holzheid A;Garbe-Schönberg C-D

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海底热液作用伴随着大洋地壳的广泛蚀变,是控制地球内部能量和物质向海洋的流动的主要过程。新的估计表明,大约50%的热液地壳蚀变发生在沿着缓慢和超缓慢扩张的深海脊(German等人,2009年)。如果岩浆注入提供了足够的热量,水深> 3,000米的热液系统可以在高于海水临界两相曲线的压力(p)和温度(T)条件下的极端温度下运行。最近发现了这种类型的海底热液作用(Koschinsky等人,2008年):大西洋中脊(MAR)5°S处3,000米水深的高压系统,其特征是极端温度(>400°C)和高至非常高浓度的溶解氢,甲烷,过渡金属(例如,Cu、Fe),以及具有LREE和HREE贫化且无Eu异常的独特稀土元素化学性质(施密特等人,2010年)。海底热液流体在相分离、上升和最终排出过程中的所有过程都完全在临界海水曲线以上的气液两相场内的p-T条件下进行。二维三相模型的新结果表明,这些高压系统在很长一段时间内运行非常稳定,没有东太平洋海隆(EPR)在约2,500米水深的成分波动(Coumou等人,2008年,2009年)。
Submarine hydrothermalism with extensive alteration of oceanic crust is a major process governing energy and mass fluxes from Earth’s interior into the oceans. New estimates suggest that about 50% of hydrothermal crust alteration occurs along slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges in the deep sea (German et al. 2009). Hydrothermal systems in water depths >3,000m can run at extreme temperatures under pressure (p) and temperature (T) conditions above the critical two-phase curve of seawater if enough heat from magma injections is provided. Exactly this type of submarine hydrothermalism has recently been discovered (Koschinsky et al. 2008): a high-pressure system in 3,000m water depth at 5°S on the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) characterized by extreme temperatures (>400°C) and high to very high concentrations of dissolved hydrogen, methane, transition metals (e.g., Cu, Fe), and unique rare earth element chemistry with LREE and HREE depletion and no Eu-anomaly (Schmidt et al. 2010). All processes during phase separation, ascent, and final venting of the hydrothermal fluids at the seafloor run entirely under p-T-conditions within the vapour-liquid two phase field above the critical seawater curve. New results from 2-D, three-phase models indicate that these high-pressure systems run very stable for long time periods and without the compositional fluctuations known from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) in ~2,500m water depth (Coumou et al. 2008, 2009).
DOI: --
发表时间: 1984
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
A. Hajash
通讯作者: A. Hajash
DOI: 10.1130/g24726a.1
发表时间: 2008-08-01
期刊: GEOLOGY
影响因子: 5.8
作者:
Koschinsky, Andrea;Garbe-Schoenberg, Dieter;Strauss, Harald
通讯作者: Strauss, Harald
DOI: --
发表时间: 2008
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
D. Coumou;T. Driesner;C. Heinrich
通讯作者: C. Heinrich
海水与流纹岩、安山岩、玄武岩和橄榄岩之间高温相互作用的实验研究
DOI: --
发表时间: 1982
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
A. Hajash;G. W. Chandler
通讯作者: G. W. Chandler
DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90107-2
发表时间: 1978-01-01
影响因子: 5
作者:
MOTTL, MJ;HOLLAND, HD
通讯作者: HOLLAND, HD