Nutrition and the circadian system.
Nutrition and the circadian system.
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营养和昼夜节律系统。
DOI：
10.1017/s0007114516002117
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hardie LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Potter GD;Cade JE;Grant PJ;Hardie LJ
人类昼夜节律系统预测并适应日常环境变化，根据一天中的时间优化行为，并暂时划分不相容的生理过程。该系统的掌舵者是下丘脑前部视交叉上核（SCN）中的主时钟。 SCN 主要通过光/暗周期与一天 24 小时同步；然而，进食/禁食周期是外周组织时钟的主要时间线索。将进食/禁食周期与生物钟调节的代谢变化相结合可以优化新陈代谢，对其他动物的研究表明，在不适当的时间进食会破坏昼夜节律系统的组织，从而导致不良的代谢后果和慢性疾病的发展。 “高脂肪饮食”（HFD）会减弱进食/禁食周期，对啮齿类动物的昼夜节律系统产生特别有害的影响。一天中的时间限制喂养，即将食物供应限制在几个小时内，可以抵消 HFD 对这些动物造成的许多不利后果；然而，需要进一步的证据来评估人类是否也是如此。几种营养化合物对昼夜节律系统具有强大的影响。例如，咖啡因可以在时差后加快与新时区的同步。了解昼夜节律系统对营养科学具有许多意义，并可能最终有助于减轻慢性病的负担。
The human circadian system anticipates and adapts to daily environmental changes to optimise behaviour according to time of day and temporally partition incompatible physiological processes. At the helm of this system is a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN are primarily synchronised to the 24 hour day by the light/dark cycle; however, feeding/fasting cycles are the primary time cues for clocks in peripheral tissues. Aligning feeding/fasting cycles with clock-regulated metabolic changes optimises metabolism, and studies of other animals suggest that feeding at inappropriate times disrupts circadian system organisation and thereby contributes to adverse metabolic consequences and chronic disease development. ‘High-fat diets’ (HFDs) produce particularly deleterious effects on circadian system organisation in rodents by blunting feeding/fasting cycles. Time-of-day-restricted feeding, where food availability is restricted to a period of several hours, offsets many adverse consequences of HFDs in these animals; however, further evidence is required to assess whether the same is true in humans. Several nutritional compounds have robust effects on the circadian system. Caffeine, for example, can speed synchronisation to new time zones after jetlag. An appreciation of the circadian system has many implications for nutritional science and may ultimately help reduce the burden of chronic diseases.