Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3389/fmars.2020.00143

发表时间：

2020-03

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

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作者：

O. Legge;M. Johnson;N. Hicks;T. Jickells;M. Diesing;J. Aldridge;J. Andrews;Y. Artioli;D. Bakker;M. Burrows;N. Carr;G. Cripps;S. Felgate;L. Fernand;N. Greenwood;S. Hartman;S. Kröger;G. Lessin;C. Mahaffey;D. Mayor;Ruth Parker;A. Queirós;J. Shutler;T. Silva;H. Stahl;J. Tinker;G. Underwood;J. C. van der Molen;S. Wakelin;K. Weston;P. Williamson

利用现有的沿海、上层和底栖碳储量和流量估算，合成了欧洲西北部大陆架海域的碳预算。确定了关键的不确定性，并评估了未来对碳预算的影响。大陆架海域的水含有210至230 Tmol的碳，每年从大气中吸收1.3至3.3 Tmol的碳。离架运输和沉积物中的掩埋分别占NWES碳排放量的60 - 100%和0-40%。这两种通量仍然不受观测的限制，解决它们的大小和相对重要性是一个关键的研究重点。远洋和底栖碳储量以无机碳为主。陆架沉积物含有最大的碳储量，在海床顶部0.1米处储存着520至1600 Tmol的碳。沿海生境如盐沼和泥滩每单位面积含有大量碳，但由于其空间范围较小，与远洋和底栖生物储量相比，其总碳储量较小。由于大气CO2浓度的上升，大量的远洋碳储量将继续增加，并伴有pH值的降低。海洋碳储量和流量也可能受到酸度和温度升高以及环流变化的显著影响，但净影响尚不确定。底栖生物碳储量将受到温度和酸度升高以及氧浓度降低的影响，尽管这些相互关联的变化对碳储量的净影响是不确定的，并且存在重大的知识缺口。在我们考虑的影响中，海底拖网捕捞对底栖生物碳储量的影响是独一无二的，因为它是广泛的，也是可直接管理的，尽管它对碳预算的净影响是不确定的。沿海栖息地容易受到海平面上升的影响，并受到管理决策的强烈影响。地方、国家和区域行动有可能保护或加强碳储存，但最终，通过控制排放的全球治理最有可能影响西北欧大陆架碳储存的长期命运。

A carbon budget for the northwest European continental shelf seas (NWES) was synthesized using available estimates for coastal, pelagic and benthic carbon stocks and flows. Key uncertainties were identified and the effect of future impacts on the carbon budget were assessed. The water of the shelf seas contains between 210 and 230 Tmol of carbon and absorbs between 1.3 and 3.3 Tmol from the atmosphere annually. Off-shelf transport and burial in the sediments account for 60–100 and 0–40% of carbon outputs from the NWES, respectively. Both of these fluxes remain poorly constrained by observations and resolving their magnitudes and relative importance is a key research priority. Pelagic and benthic carbon stocks are dominated by inorganic carbon. Shelf sediments contain the largest stock of carbon, with between 520 and 1600 Tmol stored in the top 0.1 m of the sea bed. Coastal habitats such as salt marshes and mud flats contain large amounts of carbon per unit area but their total carbon stocks are small compared to pelagic and benthic stocks due to their smaller spatial extent. The large pelagic stock of carbon will continue to increase due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, with associated pH decrease. Pelagic carbon stocks and flows are also likely to be significantly affected by increasing acidity and temperature, and circulation changes but the net impact is uncertain. Benthic carbon stocks will be affected by increasing temperature and acidity, and decreasing oxygen concentrations, although the net impact of these interrelated changes on carbon stocks is uncertain and a major knowledge gap. The impact of bottom trawling on benthic carbon stocks is unique amongst the impacts we consider in that it is widespread and also directly manageable, although its net effect on the carbon budget is uncertain. Coastal habitats are vulnerable to sea level rise and are strongly impacted by management decisions. Local, national and regional actions have the potential to protect or enhance carbon storage, but ultimately global governance, via controls on emissions, has the greatest potential to influence the long-term fate of carbon stocks in the northwestern European continental shelf.

Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

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