Modularity, individuality, and evo-devo in butterfly wings
Modularity, individuality, and evo-devo in butterfly wings
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.222236199
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发表时间：
2002-10-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Brakefield, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beldade, P;Koops, K;Brakefield, PM
动物发育中的模块性被认为促进了形态的多样化，但整合在模块内的那些性状的独立变化可能受到限制。性状之间的相关性描述了对进化的潜在发展限制。这些经常被假设来解释形态变异的模式，并已在理论上进行了研究，但很少进行实验分析。在这里，我们使用人工选择来探索蝴蝶翅膀图案的模块化组织，以及它们的进化在多大程度上受到重复图案元素之间遗传相关性的约束。我们发现，在Bicyclus anynana蝴蝶，尽管有证据表明，所有的眼点发育耦合，选择的反应，增加一个人的眼点的大小可以进行的方式在很大程度上独立于选择施加在另一个眼点。我们认为，眼斑的相关性是不太可能限制蝴蝶翅膀图案的进化多样性，但可能是重要的，只有有限的时间可用于适应性进化的发生。我们能够在不同的眼点上对人工选择产生独立的反应，这可能与自然选择有利于个体的遗产有关。我们的研究结果进行了讨论的背景下，连续重复的形态特征的模块化和个性化的演变。
Modularity in animal development is thought to have facilitated morphological diversification, but independent change of those traits integrated within a module might be restricted. Correlations among traits describe potential developmental constraints on evolution. These have often been postulated to explain patterns of morphological variation and have been examined theoretically but seldom analyzed experimentally. Here, we use artificial selection to explore the modular organization of butterfly wing patterns and the extent to which their evolution is constrained by the genetic correlations among repeated pattern elements. We show that, in Bicyclus anynana butterflies, despite the evidence that all eyespots are developmentally coupled, the response to selection for increased size of one individual eyespot can proceed in a manner largely independent from selection imposed on another eyespot. We argue that among-eyespot correlations are unlikely to have constrained the evolutionary diversification of butterfly wing patterns but might be important when only limited time is available for adaptive evolution to occur. The ease with which we have been able to produce independent responses to artificial selection on different eyespots may be linked to a legacy of natural selection favoring individuality. Our results are discussed within the context of the evolution of modularity and individuality of serially repeated morphological traits.