Environmental racial inequality in Detroit
Environmental racial inequality in Detroit
复制标题
DOI：
10.1353/sof.2007.0003
复制
发表时间：
2006-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Downey, Liam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downey, Liam
本研究使用来自美国环境保护署的有毒物质释放清单（TRI）的工业污染数据和2000年美国人口普查的区域级人口数据，以确定2000年底特律大都市区是否存在环境种族不平等。这项研究在两个重要方面不同于以前的环境不平等研究。首先，它为使用危险邻近度指标提供了积极的理由。其次，它使用距离衰减建模技术来估计危险接近度。该技术通过距离对每个危害的估计负面影响进行加权，使得估计负面影响随着与危害的距离增加而连续下降，从而提供比使用文献中目前发现的其他变量构造技术获得的更准确的基于邻近度的环境风险估计。使用这种技术，我发现，底特律的黑人社区在2000年不成比例地负担TRI设施活动，邻里种族构成有很强的独立影响邻里接近TRI活动。
This study uses industrial pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and tract-level demographic data from the 2000 U.S. census to determine whether environmental racial inequality existed in the Detroit metropolitan area in the year 2000. This study differs from prior environmental inequality research in two important ways. First, it offers a positive rationale for using hazard proximity indicators. Second, it uses a distance decay modeling technique to estimate hazard proximity. This technique weights each hazard's estimated negative effect by distance such that the estimated negative effect declines continuously as distance from the hazard increases, thus providing more accurate estimates of proximity-based environmental risk than can be obtained using other variable construction techniques currently found in the literature. Using this technique, I find that Detroit's black neighborhoods were disproportionately burdened by TRI facility activity in 2000 and that neighborhood racial composition had a strong independent effect on neighborhood proximity to TRI activity.