Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study.
Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2020.623980
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Hwang G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim HE;Liu Y;Dhall A;Bawazir M;Koo H;Hwang G
儿童早期龋齿是龋齿的一种有害形式，治疗起来痛苦、困难且昂贵，其与牙齿上菌斑生物膜中高水平的变形链球菌（Sm）和白色念珠菌（Ca）相关。这些微生物似乎发展了一种共生的跨界相互作用，这种相互作用放大了菌斑生物膜的毒力。虽然生物膜研究揭示了协同细菌-真菌关联，但这些生物体如何调节跨界生物膜形成并在唾液存在下增强其毒力仍在很大程度上未知。在这里，我们比较了Sm和Sm-Ca生物膜培养在唾液中的性能，通过检查生物膜的结构组织和能力，以维持一个酸性的pH环境，有利于釉质脱矿。有趣的是，Sm-Ca生物膜迅速成熟并保持酸性pH值（~4.3），而Sm生物膜发育迟缓，在唾液中培养时未能创造酸性环境。反过来，人牙釉质板表面严重脱矿的Sm-Ca生物膜，而有最小的损伤的牙釉质表面的Sm生物膜。有趣的是，Sm-Ca生物膜表现出酸性环境，无论其菌丝形成能力。我们的数据揭示了S.变形菌和C.白念珠菌在人类唾液中的龋齿发病机制的背景下，这可能解释如何跨王国的相互作用，有助于增强在口腔中的菌斑生物膜的毒力。
Early childhood caries, a virulent-form of dental caries, is painful, difficult, and costly to treat that has been associated with high levels of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca) in plaque-biofilms on teeth. These microorganisms appear to develop a symbiotic cross-kingdom interaction that amplifies the virulence of plaque-biofilms. Although biofilm studies reveal synergistic bacterial-fungal association, how these organisms modulate cross-kingdom biofilm formation and enhance its virulence in the presence of saliva remain largely unknown. Here, we compared the properties of Sm and Sm-Ca biofilms cultured in saliva by examining the biofilm structural organization and capability to sustain an acidic pH environment conducive to enamel demineralization. Intriguingly, Sm-Ca biofilm is rapidly matured and maintained acidic pH-values (~4.3), while Sm biofilm development was retarded and failed to create an acidic environment when cultured in saliva. In turn, the human enamel slab surface was severely demineralized by Sm-Ca biofilms, while there was minimal damage to the enamel surface by Sm biofilm. Interestingly, Sm-Ca biofilms exhibited an acidic environment regardless of their hyphal formation ability. Our data reveal the critical role of symbiotic interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans in human saliva in the context of pathogenesis of dental caries, which may explain how the cross-kingdom interaction contributes to enhanced virulence of plaque-biofilm in the oral cavity.