General stress response in α‐proteobacteria: PhyR and beyond

General stress response in α‐proteobacteria: PhyR and beyond
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α变形菌的一般应激反应:PhyR 及其他

DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07336.x
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Mascher T
Mascher T
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Staroń A;Mascher T

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除了应激特异性反应外,大多数细菌还可以产生一般应激反应(GSR),保护细胞免受各种非特异性应激条件的影响。最容易理解的例子是枯草芽孢杆菌的σB级联反应和大肠杆菌的RpoS反应。虽然后者在β -、γ -和δ -枝的许多其他变形菌中是保守的,但RpoS同源物在α -变形菌中是不存在的,它们的GSR长期以来一直是一个谜。最近的出版物最终揭示了这类变形菌中GSR的核心,这是由EcfG - like σ -因子介导的。EcfG活性受NepR样抗σ因子和PhyR样蛋白的控制。这些不寻常的杂交蛋白含有一个作为NepR对接界面的N端EcfG样结构域,以及一个典型的细菌反应调节因子的C端受体结构域。磷酸化后,PhyR将NepR从EcfG中滴定出来,从而释放σ -因子来募集RNA聚合酶并启动其靶基因的转录。在本期的《分子微生物学》杂志上,Herrouet等。描述了新月毛杆菌PhyR的功能和三维结构。这种结构是理解α -变形菌中协调GSR的可逆的、磷酸化依赖的伙伴转换模块机制的关键。
In addition to stress‐specific responses, most bacteria can mount a general stress response (GSR), which protects the cells against a wide range of unspecific stress conditions. The best‐understood examples of GSR are the σB‐cascade ofBacillus subtilisand the RpoS response inEscherichia coli. While the latter is conserved in many other proteobacteria of the β‐, γ‐ and δ‐clades, RpoS homologues are absent in α‐proteobacteria and their GSR has long been a mystery. Recent publications finally unraveled the core of the GSR in this proteobacterial class, which is mediated by EcfG‐like σ‐factors. EcfG activity is controlled by NepR‐like anti‐σ factors and PhyR‐like proteins that act as anti‐anti‐σ factors. These unusual hybrid proteins contain an N‐terminal EcfG‐like domain that acts as a docking interface for NepR, and a C‐terminal receiver domain typical for bacterial response regulators. Upon phosphorylation, PhyR titrates NepR away from EcfG, thereby releasing the σ‐factor to recruit RNA polymerase and initiate transcription of its target genes. In this issue ofMolecular Microbiology, Herrouet al. describe the function and three‐dimensional structure of PhyR fromCaulobacter crescentus. This structure is key to understanding the mechanism of the reversible, phosphorylation‐dependent partner switching module that orchestrates the GSR in α‐proteobacteria.
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发表时间: 2008-01-01
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