IQ and risk for schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study
IQ and risk for schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0033291797005680
复制
发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Lewis, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David, AS;Malmberg, A;Lewis, G
背景。本研究旨在通过一项针对 18 岁应征入伍者的人群队列研究来量化低智商与后来发展为精神病之间的关联。方法。瑞典国家精神科护理登记册对 1969 年至 1970 年应征入伍的 5 万名男性进行了跟踪调查，直至 1983 年。在征兵时记录了言语和视觉空间能力、一般和机械知识以及一些心理社会变量的测试。结果。根据 ICD-8 标准，195 名受试者因精神分裂症入院，192 名受试者因非精神分裂症精神病入院。后来被诊断为精神分裂症患者的分数分布呈下降趋势，低智商与风险之间呈线性关系。在对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后，这一情况仍然存在。智商较低的人患非精神分裂症的风险也较高，但影响不太明显且呈非线性。考虑到一般智力能力后，只有在语言任务和机械知识测试中表现较差才会导致精神分裂症的风险显着增加。征兵时的低智商与发病年龄无关。结论。结果证实了智力低下作为精神分裂症和其他精神病的危险因素的重要性。这不太可能是由于前驱期衰退或已知的混杂因素造成的。这种关联可能与导致错误信念和感知的认知障碍直接相关，也可能与导致智商降低的任何因素间接相关，例如大脑发育异常会增加患精神分裂症的风险。
Background. This study aimed to quantify the association between low IQ and the later development of psychosis in a population-based cohort study of 18-year-old conscripts.Methods. Fifty thousand males conscripted into the Swedish army in 1969-1970 were followed by means of the Swedish National Register of Psychiatric Care up to 1983. Tests of verbal and visuospatial abilities, general and mechanical knowledge and several psychosocial variables were recorded at conscription.Results. One hundred and ninety-five subjects were admitted to hospital with schizophrenia and 192 with a non-schizophrenic psychosis on ICD-8 criteria. The distribution of scores in those later diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia was shifted in a downward direction, with a linear relationship between low IQ and risk. This remained after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk for non-schizophrenic disorders was also higher in those with lower IQ but the effect was less marked and non-linear. Only poorer performance on the verbal tasks and mechanical knowledge test conferred a significantly increased risk for schizophrenia after taking into account general intellectual ability. Low IQ at conscription was not related to age of onset.Conclusions. The results confirm the importance of low intellectual ability as a risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychoses. This is unlikely to be due to prodromal decline or known confounders. The association could be directly causal with cognitive impairment leading to false beliefs and perceptions, or could be indirect with any factors causing lower IQ, such as abnormal brain development increasing the risk for schizophrenia.