FLIGHT BEHAVIOR OF BEMISIA-TABACI IN A VERTICAL FLIGHT CHAMBER - EFFECT OF TIME OF DAY, SEX, AGE AND HOST QUALITY
FLIGHT BEHAVIOR OF BEMISIA-TABACI IN A VERTICAL FLIGHT CHAMBER - EFFECT OF TIME OF DAY, SEX, AGE AND HOST QUALITY
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3032.1993.tb00592.x
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发表时间：
1993-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
BYRNE, DN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BLACKMER, JL;BYRNE, DN
在垂直飞行室中研究了甘薯烟粉虱 (Gennadius)（同翅目：粉虱科）的自由飞行行为。上方的汞蒸气灯引发了趋光飞行反应。尽管 06:00 至 19:00 之间的飞行倾向相当，但飞行时间最长的时间是 06:00 至 10:00 之间。雄性比雌性飞行时间更长，并且它们的平均飞行时间全天保持不变。女性从 06:00 到 13:00 的飞行时间比从 13:00 到 19:00 的飞行时间更长。两性都能维持飞行超过 2 小时，但只有不到 5% 的测试者能够做到这一点。飞行活动还受到年龄和宿主质量的影响。起飞倾向、趋光性比例和飞行持续时间随粉虱年龄的不同而变化。宿主质量影响飞行行为的时间。与在营养植物上饲养的个体相比，在衰老植物上饲养的粉虱表现出更高的起飞率，并在成虫羽化后长达 4 天的时间里启动更长的趋光飞行。此后，以营养植物饲养的个体表现出更高的反应水平。与在衰老植物上饲养的粉虱相比，在营养植物上饲养的粉虱重量更重，存活时间更长。对头顶光线做出反应的粉虱最初表现出强烈的光动力和趋光反应。在飞行过程中，这些响应下降，飞行不稳定性增加，如平均爬升率总体下降所示，同时该参数的可变性增加，水平位移增加。尽管雄性和雌性表现出相似的飞行特征，但雌性比雄性表现出更高的爬升率，并且对于两种性别来说，飞行时间超过 25 分钟的个体比飞行时间短于 25 分钟的个体具有更高的爬升率。
The free-flight behaviour of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), the sweet potato whitefly, was investigated in a vertical flight chamber. A mercury-vapour lamp presented from above induced a phototactic flight response. Although flight propensity was comparable from 06.00 to 19.00 hours, flight duration was maximum between 06.00 and 10.00 hours. Males flew longer than females and their mean flight duration remained constant throughout the day. Females flew longer from 06.00 to 13.00 hours than from 13.00 to 19.00 hours. Both sexes were capable of sustaining flight for more than 2 h, although less than 5% of those tested did so.Flight activity also was influenced by age and by host quality. The propensity to take off, proportion exhibiting phototactic orientation and flight duration varied with the age of the whitefly. Host quality influenced the timing of flight behaviour. Whiteflies reared on senescing plants exhibited greater take-off rates and initiated longer phototactic flights up to 4 days following adult eclosion when compared to individuals reared on vegetative plants. Thereafter, individuals reared on vegetative plants exhibited greater response levels. Whiteflies reared on vegetative plants weighed more and survived longer than did individuals reared on senescing plants.Whiteflies that responded to the overhead light initially exhibited a strong photokinetic and phototactic response. Over the course of the flight, these responses declined and flight instability increased, as indicated by an overall decrease in the mean rate of climb, accompanied by an increase in the variability of this parameter and an increase in horizontal displacement. Although males and females displayed similar flight characteristics, females exhibited a greater rate of climb than did males, and for both sexes, individuals that flew longer than 25 min had a greater rate of climb than did individuals that flew for less than 25 min.