Neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine craving
Neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine craving
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DOI：
10.1016/s0741-8329(01)00144-6
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Yanagita, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyata, H;Yanagita, T
尼古丁会引起烟瘾，但烟瘾的程度相信较其他滥用药物轻微。在这篇文章中，尼古丁和其他药物的渴求的神经生物学机制进行了审查，特别是集中在三个因素，可以参与的发展渴求。第一个因素是戒断的情感症状，其神经基础可能涉及奖励系统内的神经适应（脱敏）。尼古丁戒断过程中的情感症状比其他药物戒断过程中的症状要轻，这可能是因为尼古丁对奖赏系统的作用方式与自然奖赏相似。第二个因素是条件反射过程，在这个过程中，环境刺激可以获得次级条件反射的特性。尼古丁具有微弱但可靠的条件反射作用，调节尼古丁这些作用的大脑区域涉及腹侧被盖区。第三个因素是认知（记忆）过程，但对这一领域知之甚少。(C)2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Nicotine induces craving, but the degree of craving is believed to be milder than that with other abused drugs. In this article, the neurobiological mechanisms of craving for nicotine and other drugs are reviewed, focusing especially on three factors that can be involved in the development of craving. The first factor is the affective symptoms of withdrawal, the neural basis of which may involve neuroadaptations (desensitization) within the reward systems. Affective symptoms experienced during withdrawal from nicotine are milder than those experienced in withdrawal from other drugs, probably because of its mode of action on the reward systems, which is similar to that of natural rewards. The second factor is the conditioning process, in which environmental stimuli can gain properties of a secondary reinforcer. Nicotine has weak but reliable conditioning effects, and the brain region mediating those effects of nicotine involves the ventral tegmental area. The third factor is a cognitive (memory) process, but little is known about this area. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.