The Jahnigen Scholars Program: A Model for Faculty Career Development
The Jahnigen Scholars Program: A Model for Faculty Career Development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02551.x
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Lundebjerg, Nancy E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katz, Paul R.;Burton, John R.;Lundebjerg, Nancy E.
在接下来的几十年里，美国老年人的数量将出现前所未有的增长。这种增长将需要越来越多的医疗服务提供者在老年医学方面进行充分的培训和承诺，以满足越来越多的老年人的医疗保健需求，其中许多人将是体弱和残疾的。2008年4月，医学研究所的报告《为老龄化的美国重新装备：建立医疗保健工作队伍》提出了几项建议，以改善迅速成为医疗保健提供者危机的问题。1“重组”将要求所有看成年病人的内科医生和外科医生都了解并有经验为老年病人提供理想的护理。在满足这一要求的挑战是，有几个专业的内科医生和外科医生的老年病专家提供这种需要的教育。对改善美国老年人的健康同样重要的是创造新的知识，以便更好地照顾老年人。这种新知识必须通过科学进步来实现。美国需要一些项目来培养那些致力于提高老年人护理水平的内科医生和外科医生。虽然目前存在一些政府和非政府的支助机制来资助年轻的医生科学家，但由于财政资源有限和限制性的赠款机制，机会受到限制。对于外科专业来说尤其如此。一项比较美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）主要职业发展奖项的特定学科成功率的研究揭示了这一点。已经证明，外科临床科学家提交的奖项提案的成功率始终低于其他临床部门，如内科、精神科、儿科和神经科（外科41.3% vs非外科46.7-57.5% P 5.009）。此外，非外科医生申请任何类型职业发展奖的可能性是外科医生的2.5倍。2成功率的最大差异是K23计划（指导以病人为导向的研究），其中“非外科教师收到80%以上的奖项，在每个提案的基础上，与外科教师相比。这意味着目前持有K23奖项的非外科医生与外科医生的比例为14：1。执业外科医生将榜样和导师的可用性以及对临床和基础科学研究的支持作为推进其职业生涯的主要关注点。[3]毫不奇怪，大多数外科教师都将临床和行政责任的竞争作为他们停止研究活动的原因。[4]尽管非NIH赠款仍然可用，而且可能更容易获得（私营企业、学术健康中心、国家医学会），但其有限的可用性和通常较低的支持水平限制了其有效性。丹尼斯W。Jahnigen职业发展学者计划（JSP）旨在解决迫切需要创建一个结构，以发展老年医学和学术手术及相关医学学科的领导者。2002年由美国老年医学会（AGS）发起，得到了约翰·A·卡耐基基金会的支持和培养。哈特福德基金会和大西洋慈善机构，JSP促进了外科和相关医学学科急需的科学家的发展。JSP支持高素质的年轻专业教师发起并最终维持其学科的老年医学方面的研究和教育事业。预计Jahnigen学者将推进每个专业的方式...
Over the next several decades, there will be unprecedented growth in the number of older adults in the United States. Such growth will require increasing numbers of medical providers with sufficient training in and commitment to geriatrics to meet the healthcare needs of a growing number of seniors, many of whom will be frail and disabled. The April 2008 Institute of Medicine report ‘‘Retooling for an Aging America: Building the Health Care Workforce’’offers several recommendations to ameliorate what is fast becoming a healthcare provider crisis. 1 The ‘‘retooling’’will require that all physicians and surgeons who see adult patients become knowledgeable about and experienced in providing ideal care to their older patients. The challenge in meeting this requirement is that there are few geriatrics experts among specialty physicians and surgeons to provide this needed education. Of equal importance to improving the health of America’s seniors is the creation of new knowledge to allow better care. This new knowledge must come through scientific advances. The United States needs programs to nurture the careers of physicians and surgeons who are dedicated to advancing the care provided to seniors. Although several supporting mechanisms, both governmental and nongovernmental, currently exist to fund young physician scientists, opportunities are constrained because of limited financial resources and restrictive granting mechanisms. This is especially true for the surgical specialties. A study comparing discipline-specific success rates for major career development awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is revealing. It has been demonstrated that success rates for award proposals submitted by clinical scientists from departments of surgery are consistently lower than those from other clinical departments such as medicine, psychiatry, pediatrics, and neurology (surgery 41.3% vs nonsurgery 46.7–57.5% P 5.009). 2 Furthermore, nonsurgeons were 2.5 times as likely to apply for any type of career development award as surgeons. 2 The largest difference in success rate was noted for the K23 program (mentored patient-oriented research), in which ‘‘non-surgical faculty received 80% more awards on a per proposal basis as compared with surgical faculty.’’This translates into a 14: 1 ratio of nonsurgeon to surgeon physician scientists currently holding a K23 award. Practicing surgeons cite the availability of role models and mentors and support for clinical and basic science research as major concerns in advancing their careers. 3 Not surprisingly, a majority of surgical faculty have cited competing clinical and administrative responsibilities as the reason behind their cessation of research activities. 4 Although non-NIH grants remain available and potentially more accessible (private industry, academic health centers, national medical societies), their limited availability and often low level of support limit their effectiveness. The Dennis W. Jahnigen Career Development Scholars Program (JSP) seeks to address the urgent need to create a structure for developing leaders in geriatrics and academic surgery and related medical disciplines. Launched in 2002 by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), with support and nurturing from the John A. Hartford Foundation and Atlantic Philanthropies, the JSP fosters the development of greatly needed scientists in the surgical and related medical disciplines. The JSP supports highly qualified young specialty faculty members to initiate and ultimately sustain a career in research and education in the geriatrics aspects of their discipline. It is anticipated that Jahnigen scholars will advance the way each specialty …