Food processing and breeding strategies for coeliac-safe and healthy wheat products
Food processing and breeding strategies for coeliac-safe and healthy wheat products
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.025
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Smulders, Marinus J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jouanin, Aurelie;Gilissen, Luud J. W. J.;Smulders, Marinus J. M.
严格的无麸质饮食是目前世界上1-2%患有乳糜泻(CD)的人口的唯一治疗方法。然而，由于小麦和小麦衍生品在许多食品中的存在，避免面筋消费是困难的。不含小麦、大麦或黑麦的无麸质产品通常需要加入许多添加剂，导致产品往往不如以面筋为基础的同类产品健康。在这里，我们提出并讨论了两种广泛的方法来降低CD患者的小麦面筋蛋白免疫原性。第一种方法是基于食品加工策略，其目标是从可食用产品中去除醇溶蛋白或所有面筋。我们发现，从小麦中生产低面筋免疫原性产品的几种候选食品加工技术已经存在。第二种方法侧重于小麦育种策略，以去除面筋蛋白中的免疫原性表位，同时保持其食品加工特性。包括突变育种和可能的基因组编辑在内的多种育种策略的结合，将是培育出对乳杆菌安全的小麦所必需的。患有镉的人和长期食用面筋后可能患上镉的遗传易感人群将受益于镉免疫原性小麦的减少。尽管生产健康和镉毒性较低的小麦品种和食品将是具有挑战性的，但不断增长的全球需求可能要求食品加工和谷物育种公司在不久的将来解决这些问题。
A strict gluten-free diet is currently the only treatment for the 1-2% of the world population who suffer from coeliac disease (CD). However, due to the presence of wheat and wheat derivatives in many food products, avoiding gluten consumption is difficult. Gluten-free products, made without wheat, barley or rye, typically require the inclusion of numerous additives, resulting in products that are often less healthy than gluten-based equivalents. Here, we present and discuss two broad approaches to decrease wheat gluten immunogenicity for CD patients. The first approach is based on food processing strategies, which aim to remove gliadins or all gluten from edible products. We find that several of the candidate food processing techniques to produce low gluten immunogenic products from wheat already exist. The second approach focuses on wheat breeding strategies to remove immunogenic epitopes from the gluten proteins, while maintaining their food-processing properties. A combination of breeding strategies, including mutation breeding and possibly genome editing, will be necessary to produce coeliac-safe wheat. Individuals suffering from CD and people genetically susceptible who may develop CD after prolonged gluten consumption would benefit from reduced CD-immunogenic wheat. Although the production of healthy and less CD-toxic wheat varieties and food products will be challenging, increasing global demand may require these issues to be addressed in the near future by food processing and cereal breeding companies.