The angle of attack: rapping technique predicts skill in hermit crab contests
The angle of attack: rapping technique predicts skill in hermit crab contests
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.02.017
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发表时间：
2022-03-29
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Briffa, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lane, Sarah M.;Cornwell, Tomas O.;Briffa, Mark
技能，即良好地完成具有挑战性的行为的能力，已被证明是各种环境中成功的重要决定因素，包括人类运动，动物求爱以及最近的动物竞赛。由于熟练的运动需要精确的运动控制，因此技能被认为是由决定这些能力的特征所支撑的。然而，虽然这些特征决定了一个人执行有效动作（称为技术）的潜力，但由于对手的干扰，这种潜力可能不会转化为熟练的战斗。在这里，我们调查了技术和技能之间的关系，使用欧洲寄居蟹，Pagurus bernhardus。通过研究贝壳敲击的空间分布，我们发现，平均而言，在“训练”战斗中展示的技术预测了在真实的比赛中展示的技术水平。然而，我们的研究结果也表明，在两次战斗的变化方向上，个体之间存在着很大的差异，一些个体表现出比技能更好的技术，而另一些个体则表现出相反的模式。最后，我们发现，当面对功能齐全的对手时，获胜者（而不是失败者）会逐渐调整他们的攻击目标。我们的研究结果表明，技能是先天技术和适应对手行为的能力的结合。(c)2022作者由Elsevier Ltd代表动物行为研究协会出版。
Skill, the ability to perform a challenging behaviour well, has been shown to be an important determinant of success in a variety of contexts, including human sports, animal courtship and, most recently, animal contests. Because skilful movement requires precise motor control, skill is assumed to be underpinned by traits that determine these abilities. However, while these traits determine an individual's potential to perform effective movements (known as technique), this potential may not translate into skilful fighting due to interference from the opponent. Here, we investigated the relationship between technique and skill using the European hermit crab, Pagurus bernhardus. By examining the spatial distribution of shell raps, we found that, on average, technique exhibited during a 'training' fight predicted the level of skill displayed in a real contest. However, our results also demonstrated substantial among-individual variation in the direction of change across the two fights, with some individuals exhibiting better technique than skill and others showing the opposite pattern. Finally, we found that winners, but not losers, progressively adapted their targeting of strikes when faced with a fully functional opponent. Our results indicate that skill is a combination of innate technique and the ability to adapt to an opponent's behaviour. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.