Origins of Paraphasias in Deep Dysphasia: Testing the Consequences of a Decay Impairment to an Interactive Spreading Activation Model of Lexical Retrieval
Origins of Paraphasias in Deep Dysphasia: Testing the Consequences of a Decay Impairment to an Interactive Spreading Activation Model of Lexical Retrieval
复制标题
深度失语症中失语症的起源：测试衰退损伤对词汇检索的交互式传播激活模型的后果
作者：
Nadine Martin;G. Dell;E. Saffran;M. Schwartz
本研究研究了交互式传播激活模型框架内非典型错误模式的解释。 Martin 和 Saffran (1992) 描述了一位 NC 患者，他的错误模式很不寻常，因为在命名中与形式相关的单词替换发生率高于与意义相关的单词替换，并且在重复时产生语义错误。他们提出，NC 的错误模式可以通过语义-词汇-语音网络中启动节点的病态快速衰减来解释，这种衰减改变了词汇检索中错误结果的概率。在本研究中，Martin 和 Saffran 的说法在一系列模拟中得到了测试和支持，这些模拟再现了 NC 在命名和重复方面的词汇错误模式的基本特征。这里还描述了对 NC 命名和重复的纵向研究的结果，该研究揭示了相对词汇错误率向质量正常模式的转变。通过假设恢复反映快速衰减率向正常水平的分辨率来模拟错误模式的这种变化。讨论了患者数据和计算研究对于理解失语症障碍的重要性及其对词汇检索模型的影响。
This study investigates an account of atypical error patterns within the framework of an interactive spreading activation model. Martin and Saffran (1992) described a patient, NC, whose error pattern was unusual for the occurrence of higher rates of form-related than meaning-related word substitutions in naming and the production of semantic errors in repetition. They proposed that NC's error pattern could be accounted for by a pathologically rapid decay of primed nodes in the semantic-lexical-phonological network that shifts the probabilities of error outcome in lexical retrieval. In the present study, Martin and Saffran's account was tested and supported in a series of simulations that reproduce essential features of NC's lexical error pattern in naming and repetition. Also described here are the results of a longitudinal study of NC's naming and repetition, which revealed a shift in relative lexical error rates toward a qualitatively normal pattern. This change in error pattern was simulated by assuming that recovery reflects resolution of the rapid decay rate toward normal levels. The patient data and computational studies are discussed in terms of their significance for the understanding of aphasic impairments and their implications for models of lexical retrieval.